8: Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction and Drug Abuse

Question 1

continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences

Answer 1

addiction

Question 2

adaptive state of brain and body processes that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal if the addictive behavior stops

Answer 2

physiological dependence

Question 3

a phenomenon in which progressively larger doses of a drug or more intense involvement in a behavior are needed to produce the desired effects

Answer 3

tolerance

Question 4

a series of temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur when an addict abruptly abstains from an addictive chemical or behavior

Answer 4

withdrawal

Question 5

dependency of the mind on a substance or behavior, which can lead to psychological withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or cravings

Answer 5

psychological dependence

Question 6

preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it

Answer 6

compulsion

Question 7

excessive preoccupation with an addictive substance or behavior

Answer 7

obsession

Question 8

inability to predict reliably whether a particular instance of involvement with an addictive substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging

Answer 8

loss of control

Question 9

physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin, academic failure, family dissolution, and other severe problems that do not occur with healthy involvement in any behavior

Answer 9

negative consequences

Question 10

inability to perceive or accurately interpret the self-destructive effects of an addiction

Answer 10

denial

Question 11

failure to avoid drug use over a sustained period of time

Answer 11

inability to abstain

Question 12

self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person helps or encourages addictive behavior in another

Answer 12

codependence

Question 13

a person who knowingly or unknowingly protects an addict from the consequences of the addict’s behavior

Answer 13

enabler

Question 14

a condition in which a person is dependent on some mood-altering behavior, such as gambling, spending, or exercising

Answer 14

process addiction

Question 15

a preoccupation with shopping and spending accompanied by little control over the impulse to buy

Answer 15

compulsive buying disorder

Question 16

a person who works out on a rigid schedule to the point of physical pain or damage, focusing on weight loss and skipping other activities to work out

Answer 16

exercise addiction

Question 17

compulsive use of the computer, PDA, cell phone, or other form of technology to access the internet for activities such as email, games, shopping, social media

Answer 17

internet addiction

Question 18

compulsive use of work and the work persona to fulfill needs for intimacy, power, and success

Answer 18

work addiction

Question 19

compulsive involvement in sexual activity

Answer 19

sexual addiction

Question 20

non-nutritional, non-food substances that are intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or body through chemical action

Answer 20

drugs

Question 21

a chemical that relays messages between nerve cells or from nerve cells to other body cells

Answer 21

neurotransmitter

Question 22

drugs that affect brain chemistry and have the potential to alter mood or behavior

Answer 22

psychoactive drugs

Question 23

intake of drugs through the mouth

Answer 23

oral ingestion

Question 24

introduction of drugs into the body through the respiratory tract (lungs)

Answer 24

inhalation

Question 25

introduction of drugs into the body via a hypodermic needle

Answer 25

injection

Question 26

introduction of drugs into the body through the skin

Answer 26

transdermal

Question 27

mixtures of drugs and a waxy medium designed to melt at body temperature after being inserted into the anus or vagina

Answer 27

suppositories

Question 28

use of multiple medications, vitamins, recreational drugs, or illicit drugs simultaneously

Answer 28

polydrug use

Question 29

interaction of two or more drugs that produces more profound effects than would be expected if the drugs were taken separately - AKA potentiation

Answer 29

synergism

Question 30

a type of interaction in which two or more drugs work at the same receptor site so that one blocks the action of the other

Answer 30

antagonism

Question 31

a drug interaction in which the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug at the same receptor site

Answer 31

inhibition

Question 32

a type of interaction in which two or more drugs produce extremely uncomfortable reactions when combined

Answer 32

intolerance

Question 33

development of a tolerance to one drug that reduces the effects of another, similar drug

Answer 33

cross-tolerance

Question 34

use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended

Answer 34

drug misuse

Question 35

excessive use of a drug

Answer 35

drug abuse

Question 36

a drug that increases activity of the central nervous system - increased activity, anxiety, agitation

Answer 36

stimulant

Question 37

a large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate the central nervous system

Answer 37

amphetamines

Question 38

a stimulant drug that is legal in the United States and found in many coffees, teas, chocolates, energy drinks, and certain medications

Answer 38

caffeine

Question 39

psychoactive stimulant made from chopped leaves and flowers of Cannabis indica or Cannabis sativa plants (hemp)

Answer 39

marijuana

Question 40

chemical name for the active ingredient in marijuana

Answer 40

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Question 41

drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous and muscular systems and cause sleepiness or drowsiness

Answer 41

depressants

Question 42

a class of central nervous system depressant drugs with sedative, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects (tranquilizers)

Answer 42

benzodiazepines

Question 43

drugs that depress the central nervous system, have sedative and hypnotic effects, are less safe than benzodiazepines

Answer 43

barbiturates

Question 44

drugs that induce sleep, relieve pain, and produce euphoria - AKA narcotics

Answer 44

opioids

Question 45

parent drug of opioids, made from the seedpod resin of the ___ poppy

Answer 45

opium

Question 46

opioid-like hormones that are manufactured in the human body and contribute to natural feelings of well-being

Answer 46

endorphins

Question 47

substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and unusual changes in mood, thoughts, and feelings

Answer 47

hallucinogens

Question 48

synthetic analogs that produce effects similar to those of existing drugs

Answer 48

club drugs

Question 49

chemical vapors that are sniffed or inhaled to produce highs

Answer 49

inhalants

Question 50

artificial forms of the hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength

Answer 50

anabolic steroids

Question 51

substances that are believed to enhance athletic performance

Answer 51

ergogenic drugs

Question 52

the process, involving abstinence, of freeing a drug user from an intoxicating or addictive substance in the body or from dependence on such a substance

Answer 52

detoxification