7 - Digestive System

Question 1

Breaking down of food into smaller particles and of macromolecules in food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

Release of digestive enzymes and bile into the lumen of the GI tract.

Answer 2

Secretion

Question 3

Movement of the molecules resulting from digestion from the GI tract lumen across a layer of epithelial cells and into the blood or lymph.

Answer 3

Absorption

Question 4

Contractions of the smooth and some skeletal muscles in the GI tract wall that mix the luminal contents and propel them from mouth to anus.

Answer 4

Motility

Question 5

Enzyme, found in saliva, begins polysaccharide digestion.

Answer 5

Amylase

Question 6

Exocrine secretion of the stomach, kills bacteria, dissolves the particulate matter in food, activates pepsinogen into pepsins.

Answer 6

Hydrochloric acid

Question 7

Exocrine secretion of the stomach, begins the digestion of proteins.

Answer 7

Pepsin

Question 8

Exocrine secretion of the stomach, lubricates and protects the stomach.

Answer 8

Mucus

Question 9

Exocrine secretion of the stomach, used for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.

Answer 9

Extrinsic factor

Question 10

Solution of partially digested protein/polysaccharide fragments/fat droplets/salt/water in the stomach/SI/LI.

Answer 10

Chyme

Question 11

Performs most digestion

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

Secreted from exocrine portion of pancreas.

Answer 12

Pancreatic juice (i.e. contains bicarbonate and enzymes for digestion)

Question 13

Secretion of the liver involved in digestion

Answer 13

Bile salts and bicarbonate

Question 14

Gallbladder stores and concentrates bile between meals and contracts to secret it into the […] when needed

Answer 14

Duodenum

Question 15

Connective tissue layer just beneath the mucose that contains a network of neurons plus blood and lymphatic vessels.

Answer 15

Submucosa

Question 16

Network of neurons within the submucosa.

Answer 16

Submucosal plexus

Question 17

Network of neurons between the two layers of the muscularis externa.

Answer 17

Myenteric plexus

Question 18

Fibers of the muscularis externa, encircle the tuble and therefore narrow its lumen when they contract.

Answer 18

Circular muscle

Question 19

Fibers of the muscularis externa, run along the tube and thus shorten the tube when they contract

Answer 19

Longitudinal muscle

Question 20

Thin layer of connective tissue forming outer surface of the GI tube.

Answer 20

Serosa

Question 21

Outer tunic in the esophagus.

Answer 21

Adventita

Question 22

Projections of the SI, extend from the luminal surface.

Answer 22

Villi

Question 23

Blind-ended lymphatic vessel found within the center of each villus.

Answer 23

Lacteal (i.e. also house a blood capillary)

Question 24

Veins draining the SI merge to form the […]

Answer 24

Hepatic portal vein (i..e travels to a second network within the liver)

Question 25

Serous membrane, similar to pleural and pericardial membranes, covers the external surfaces of many digestive organs, lines the inner surface of the abdominpelvic cavity wall.

Answer 25

Peritoneum

Question 26

Extends from the body wall to some digestive organs, holds organs in place and provides routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach organs.

Answer 26

Mesentery

Question 27

Most lipids are ingested as [...]

Answer 27

Triglycerides

Question 28

Enzyme, does most of digesting of lipids in the SI.

Answer 28

Lipase

Question 29

Process by which droplets of fat are made into smaller droplets to speed up digestion.

Answer 29

Emulsification

Question 30

Phospholipid found in bile that acts as an emulsifying agent

Answer 30

Lecithin