7. Frankish governance of Outremer c.1099-c.1131

Question 1

Which Christians were in the county of Tripoli and the northernmost kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 1

Maronites

Question 2

Which Eastern Christians were numerous in the states of Antioch and Edessa?

Answer 2

Armenians

Question 3

Which followers of the Syrian Orthodox Church were on generally amicable terms with the Franks?

Answer 3

Jacobites

Question 4

Which ethnic group made up the majority of the population in the principality of Antioch?

Answer 4

Greeks

Question 5

Which historian argued that the Franks did integrate to a degree in that they shared villages with other Christians?

Answer 5

Ellenblum

Question 6

Which historian argued that Franks lived in the towns and separately from other groups?

Answer 6

Prawer

Question 7

What title was given to the heads of Muslim villages that ran their own communities?

Answer 7

ra’is

Question 8

What was established to deal with issues between Franks and non-Franks?

Answer 8

Cour de la Fonde

Question 9

Which group had no representation on the Cour de la Fonde that heavily favoured Franks?

Answer 9

Muslims

Question 10

What was paid by all non-Frankish people in Outremer?

Answer 10

Poll Tax

Question 11

What was the pre-1950s view that Franks and Muslims integrated and developed a shared culture?

Answer 11

Harmonious relationship

Question 12

Who resettled a group of Jacobites from east of the river Jordan to south of Jerusalem?

Answer 12

Baldwin I

Question 13

Which town in the kingdom of Jerusalem had a significant Jewish community?

Answer 13

Haifa

Question 14

Which crusader state had the largest concentration of Muslim inhabitants?

Answer 14

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Question 15

Which Frankish leader was married to an Armenian princess called Morphia?

Answer 15

Baldwin II

Question 16

What were many of the Italian city-states exempt from due to their role in capturing coastal cities?

Answer 16

Taxation

Question 17

What seems to have remained largely unaffected by wars between the Franks and the Muslims?

Answer 17

Trade

Question 18

What name had been given to non-Muslims who had paid tax for living under Islamic rule before the crusades?

Answer 18

dhimmis

Question 19

What percentage of compensation that would have been owed to a Frank was paid to non-Franks?

Answer 19

Fifty

Question 20

What role was never really fulfilled by Franks due to the position of native peoples in the rural economy?

Answer 20

Peasants

Question 21

Where were permanent Muslim populations relatively uncommon?

Answer 21

Towns

Question 22

What rural buildings were usually shared by the Franks and indigenous Christians?

Answer 22

Churches

Question 23

Where were strict punishments laid out to forbid sexual relations between Christians and Muslims in 1120?

Answer 23

Council of Nablus

Question 24

What was the punishment for males for sexual relationships with a woman of a different religion?

Answer 24

Castration

Question 25

Native non-Franks of which profession were particularly highly valued by the Franks?

Answer 25

Medical

Question 26

When were the Muslims expelled from or killed in Jerusalem?

Answer 26

July 1099

Question 27

What did Muslims not have to pay unlike the Franks?

Answer 27

Tithe

Question 28

What term was used to refer to the native settled Muslim inhabitants of Outremer?

Answer 28

Saracens

Question 29

What term was used to refer to Greek Orthodox Christians loyal to Byzantium?

Answer 29

Melkites

Question 30

What did Baldwin I appear to be quite relaxed about and even, to an extent, encourage?

Answer 30

Intermarriage

Question 31

Which city were Arab traders banned from living in?

Answer 31

Jerusalem

Question 32

Which patriarch of Jerusalem was reprimanded in 1114 for having performed a Christian-Muslim wedding?

Answer 32

Arnulf

Question 33

Which pope reprimanded the patriarch of Jerusalem in 1114 for performing a Christian-Muslim wedding?

Answer 33

Paschal II

Question 34

In which of the crusader states did the firth three counts all have Armenian wives?

Answer 34

County of Edessa

Question 35

Which part of a woman consenting to a sexual relationship with someone of a different religion was cut off?

Answer 35

Nose

Question 36

Which Greek patriarch of Antioch did Bohemond replace?

Answer 36

John the Oxite

Question 37

What were replaced with Latin ones resulting in enormous resentment by Greek Orthodox Christians?

Answer 37

Patriarchs

Question 38

What were imposed upon the Byzantine-backed Greek Orthodox priests?

Answer 38

Latin bishops

Question 39

In which year did the massacre of pilgrims at Easter and the military defeat to Il-Ghazi prompt the Templar’s creation?

Answer 39

1119

Question 40

When was the Hospitallers role in supporting sick pilgrims in Outremer first specifically recognised?

Answer 40

1113

Question 41

What function did the Hospitallers primarily provide to the Franks of Outremer until the 1130s?

Answer 41

Medical

Question 42

Which groups mostly aided Outremer by the end of the 1120s through raising money in the Latin West?

Answer 42

Military Orders

Question 43

What was the clash between killing and sin that was solved by sanctified violence such as joining a military order?

Answer 43

Knightly dilemma

Question 44

Which military order was founded in 1119, partly as an outlet for ‘lay piety’?

Answer 44

Templars

Question 45

What term refers to the religious practices and faith of those who were not in traditional holy orders?

Answer 45

Lay piety

Question 46

What religious order had predated the crusades but was refounded in 1113 and was increasingly military by 1130?

Answer 46

Hospitallers

Question 47

What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?

Answer 47

Field of Blood

Question 48

Becoming a member of the Templars or Hospitallers was a means by which a knight could fight and enter a what?

Answer 48

Holy Order

Question 49

Which prominent Latin churchman wrote ‘In Praise of the New Knighthood’ in 1130 supporting the Templars?

Answer 49

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 50

The long patriarchate of Bernard of Valence (1100-1135) aided stability in which otherwise unstable state?

Answer 50

Antioch

Question 51

Who helped secure the release of Raymond by Tancred (1100) and Bohemond by the Danishmends (1103)?

Answer 51

Bernard of Valence

Question 52

Bernard of Valence provided military support to assist Tancred at which battle in 1104?

Answer 52

Harran

Question 53

The conflict between Tancred and which Frankish ruler was resolved through Bernard of Valance’s efforts?

Answer 53

Baldwin II of Edessa

Question 54

Which pope encouraged the Venetian Crusade of 1122-24 and renewed crusading indulgences?

Answer 54

Calixtus II

Question 55

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem tried to take control of the city in 1100 and then tried to give it to Behemond in 1100?

Answer 55

Daimbert

Question 56

Which pope made the Hospitallers answerable only to the papacy (and not Frankish rulers) in 1113?

Answer 56

Honorius II

Question 57

With which head of the Jacobite Church did Bernard of Valence caused a dispute that was a problem for Antioch in 1118?

Answer 57

Athanasius

Question 58

Which patriarch attempted to reassert the idea of church rule in Jerusalem between 1128 and 1130?

Answer 58

Stephen

Question 59

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem assisted in the creation of the Templars and oversaw the 1124 siege of Tyre?

Answer 59

Warmund

Question 60

What were the Principality of Galilee, County of Jaffa and Lordships of Sidon and Montreal in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 60

Great fiefs

Question 61

Which class tended to live in the cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem rather than their great country estates?

Answer 61

nobility

Question 62

What was composed of the bishops and nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 62

Haute Cour

Question 63

Which meeting formalised and codified many of the laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1120?

Answer 63

Council of Nablus

Question 64

Which great office had the supreme military function (under the king) in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 64

Constable

Question 65

Jerusalem, Nablus, Acre and (from 1124) Tyre were part of what in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 65

royal domain

Question 66

What did royal domain revenue, caravan tolls, dues from Bedouin shepherds and justice provide Kings of Jerusalem?

Answer 66

finance

Question 67

What major tax for kings of Jerusalem came from harbour dues at Acre?

Answer 67

the chaine

Question 68

What tax of goods sold in the city of Jerusalem was very profitable to its kings?

Answer 68

the plateaticum

Question 69

Who administered royal finances and dispensed justice in the king’s place in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 69

Seneschal

Question 70

Who was second in command to the Constable and inspected arms and equipment in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 70

Marshal

Question 71

Who dealt with drawing up deeds and charters and directed the diplomatic service in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 71

Chancellor