How many bits in an IPv4 Address?
32
What is Subnetting?
Manipulating the subnet mask to create subnetworks for network segments of different sizes
What is VLSM?
Variable-Length Subnet Mask
At what layer of the OSI reference model does IP operate?
Layer 3
At what layer of the TCP/IP stack does IP operate?
The Internet Layer
What is the term for a base 2 numbering system?
Binary
What is an Octet?
One of the four 8-bit fields in a binary IPv4 address.
What is the largest number that can be written with 8 bits?
255 - Expressed in binary as 11111111
What are the two parts of an IPv4 address.
- The Network Address Portion (Network ID)
- The Host Address Portion (Host ID)
This field in an IPv4 header provides information on the desired quality of service.
Service Type
This field in an IPv4 header limits the lifetime of a packet.
TTL (Time to Live)
This field in an IPv4 header specifies the 32-bit binary value that represents the IPv4 address of the sending endpoint.
Source Address
This field in an IPv4 header specifies the 32-bit binary value that represents the IPv4 address of the receiving endpoint.
Destination Address
What is the IPv4 host value range for Class A Networks
Between 1 and 126 in the first Octet.
What is the IPv4 host value range for Class B Networks?
Between 128 and 191
What is the IPv4 host value range for Class C Networks?
Between 192 and 223
What is the IPv4 host value range for Class D Networks?
Between 224 and 239
What is the IPv4 host value range for Class E Networks?
Between 240 and 255
Which Class of IPv4 Network is dedicated to Multicast?
Class D
If a Subnet mask had a binary 1 in a bit position, the corresponding bit in the address is part of the _____ ID.
Network ID.
If a Subnet mask had a binary 0 in a bit position, the corresponding bit in the address is part of the _____ ID.
Host ID
List four problems with Flat Network Design
- Security
- Troubleshooting
- Address Space Utilization
- Scalability.
While Subnetting, what is the formula to determine the number of subnets gained.
Number of Subnets = 2<em>S</em> (Where S is the number of bits that are borrowed.)
While Subnetting, What is the formula to determine the number of hosts per subnet?
Number of Hosts = 2<em>h</em> - 2 (Where h is the number of host bits that are remaining after bits are borrowed)
Go to IPv4 Subnetting Practice and complete 5 problems
Did you get them all right on the first try?
What is the purpose of VLSM?
Variable-Length Subnet Masks allow you to use more than one subnet mask within a network to efficiently use IP addresses.
What does NAT stand for?
Network Address Translation
What does CIDR stand for?
Classless Interdomain Routing
What is the range of IPv4 addresses in the Public Class A
- 0.0.0 - 9.255.255.255
- 0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255
What is the range of IPv4 addresses in the Public Class B
- 0.0.0 - 172.15.255.255
- 32.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
What is the range of IPv4 addresses in the Public Class C
- 0.0.0 - 192.167.255.255
- 169.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
What is a LIR
Local Internet Registry.
- Businesses and home internet users receive their public IP from their LIR. (Typically their Internet Service Provider)
What is a RIR
Regional Internet Registry
LIRs (ISPs) obtain IP address pools from their Regional Internet Registry.
Private IPv4 Address Range for a Class A Network
10.0.0.0/8
Private IPv4 Address Range for a Class B Network
172.16.0.0/12
Private IPv4 Address Range for a Class C Network
192.168.0.0/16
What is the Local Broadcast Address?
255.255.255.255
What is a Local Broadcast Address used for?
To communicate with all the devices on the local network.
A local broadcast is never routed beyond the local network or subnet.
What is a Directed Broadcast Address used for and how is it different than a Local Broadcast Address?
Allows communication to all hosts in that network.
It is the highest address in the network range
A Directed Broadcast Address can be routed beyond the local network or subnet.
What is the Directed Broadcast Address?
It is the highest address in the network range.
What is a Local Loopback Address?
Any IPv4 address in the 127.0.0.0/8 range.
What is a Local Loopback Address used for?
Testing a device’s network software and hardware.
What is an Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address?
An address in the 169.254.0.0/16 range.
What is an Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address used for?
Assigned to a host when neither a statically nor a dynamically configured IP address is found on startup.
What is an All Zeros Address
0.0.0.0
What is an All Zeros Address used for?
Indicates the host in “this” network and is used only as a source address.
Command to display all current TCP/IP network configuration values on a Windows computer.
ipconfig
Command to obtain the IPv4 address and other information on a Apple MAC.
ifconfig
