7. NAVEDTRA 10244 Basic Music (Excluding APP C, CH1, CH 14) Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
Define Divided Notes
A
Slashes or strokes through the stem of a note. Indicates to divide notes into equal lesser values using given pitch.
2
Q
Cross-strokes (aka “slash” notation) indicate what?
A
Repeated beats.
3
Q
Name 4 octave signs which indicate “octave”
A
8va, 8ve, 8, ottava
4
Q
Sign for “octave lower”
A
8va bassa
5
Q
Sign for “octave higher”
A
8va alta
6
Q
Sign for “with octave”
A
con 8va
7
Q
Sign for “where written”
A
loco
8
Q
Name 8 melodic ornaments
A
Acciaccatura (grace note)AppoggiaturaDouble Grace Note (disjunct)Multiple Grace Note (conjunct)MordentTurn (gruppetto)TrillInverted Trill
9
Q
What type of melodic ornament is indicated by an 8th note in small type with a slash through it?
A
Acciaccatura or Grace Note
10
Q
This melodic ornament is usually performed before the beat, taking its time value from the preceding note and is very short.
A
Acciaccatura or Grace Note
11
Q
This melodic ornament, when used in music of the Baroque and/or Classic periods (Haydn, Mozart, Handel, etc.), occurs ON the beat, taking its time value from the succeeding note and is very short.
A
Acciaccatura or Grace Note
12
Q
A note in small type whose time value is NOT counted in the rhythm of the measure, always occurs on the beat & takes its time value from the succeeding note.
A
Appoggiatura
13
Q
What value would you give the appoggiatura that precedes a note whose time value is divisible by 2?
A
1/2 of the value (quarter = appoggiatura = eighth note)
14
Q
What value would you give the appoggiatura that precedes a note whose time value is divisible by 3?
A
2/3 of the value (dotted half = appoggiatura = half note or 2 quarters)
15
Q
Two notes (usually 1 above and 1 below principal note) which may be performed on the beat or before the beat, depending on the character of the music. (NOTE: Standard practice is before the beat)
A
Double Grace Note
16
Q
Why is a double grace note disjunct?
A
It is typically 1 note below & 1 note above the principal note.
17
Q
A scale wise series of 2 or more small notes usually performed before the beat; although sometimes performed on the beat, depending on the character of the music.
A
Multiple Grace Note
18
Q
Why is a multiple grace note considered conjunct?
A
The notes are scale or step wise.
19
Q
A single or double alternation of the principal note with it’s lower neighbor - or with its upper neighbor when inverted.
A
Mordent
20
Q
What’s the difference in notation of a mordent and a double mordent?
A
Mordent has a straight line through the squiggle, inverted does not.
21
Q
Alternation of the principal note with its upper AND lower neighbor, consisting of 4 notes.
A
Turn or Gruppetto
22
Q
If a turn sign is placed over the principal note, where does the turn start and where does the value come from?
A
It begins on the upper neighbor & takes it’s time from the 1st part of the principal note.
23
Q
If a turn sign is placed between 2 notes of different pitch, where is it performed?
A
It starts on the upper neighbor and is performed on the last part of the principal (first) note.
24
Q
If a turn sign is placed between 2 notes of the same pitch, how is it performed?
A
The first 3 notes are performed on the last part of the principal note - the second “same” pitch becomes becomes the 4th note of the turn.
25
If a turn sign is placed after a dotted note, how is it performed?
Performed the same as if placed between 2 notes of same pitch. (The first 3 notes are performed on the last part of the principal note - the second "same" pitch becomes becomes the 4th note of the turn).
26
If a turn is inverted, how is it performed?
The upper & lower neighbors change places - in other words, start the turn on the lower neighbor instead of the upper.
27
What's the difference in the notation of a turn & an inverted turn?
The sign - sideways "S" - looks like a correct "S" - on its side if it's inverted. A regular turn is similar to a "2" on its side.
28
A rapid alternation of the principal note with its upper neighbor, lasting the duration of the note value or to the end of the wavy line.
Trill
29
A trill is often followed by this as a completion of the trill.
1 or more grace notes.
30
If grace notes are not indicated following a trill, what is the common practice?
A single alternation with the lower neighbor of the principal - ending on the principal.
31
How is an inverted trill different from a normal trill?
It starts on the upper neighbor instead of the principal & it is notated with a grace note above the principal along with the "tr" and/or wavy line.
32
Which type of trill was most common in music prior to Beethoven (1770)?
Inverted Trill
33
The style & character of the music must be regarded as the essential determinant of what?
Performance
34
Symbols or interpretation markings should be regarded as simply what?
Reminders or suggestions for performance.
35
Name 7 common articulation markings.
Legato (Slurred)Tenuto (Non-legato or Leggiero)Portato (Mezzo Staccato)StaccatoStaccatissimoHorizontal AccentVertical Accent
36
Maximum duration. To be performed without interruption between notes. Only first note is attacked.
Legato (Slurred)
37
Held full value. To be performed with only a very slight break between notes to allow for the attack.
Tenuto (Non-legato or Leggiero)
38
Duration slightly more than half. To be performed with a slight break between the notes.
Portato (Mezzo-Staccato)
39
Duration about half. Performance varies from short to very short with the character and tempo of the music.
Staccato
40
Usually performed as short as possible, with a slight emphasis.
Staccatissimo
41
Attacked with force, usually followed by a slight decrescendo. Performed louder than surrounding dynamic level. Has no effect on duration.
Horizontal Accent
42
Attacked with force, usually followed by a retention of dynamic level. Performed louder than surrounding dynamic level. Occasionally performed with a slight lessening of duration.
Vertical Accent
43
There are 15 Jazz Expressive Devices. What are they?
BendDrop or FallDoit, Doik, or DoinkFalse FingeringsFlip or TurnGlissandoMutingPlopRip or FlareScoopShakeSmearStraight EighthsSubtoneSwallowed Notes
44
Of the 15 Jazz Expressive Devices, 6 are some type of glissando. What are they?
Doit, Doik, or DoinkDrop or FallPlopRegular GlissandoRip or FlareScoop
45
A short glissando from below to a note of any value. It's time value is taken from the previous note or rest.
Scoop
46
A glissando that usually starts a 4th or 5th below a note of any value. It's time value is taken from the previous note or rest.
Rip or Flare
47
A glissando which usually starts a 4th or 5th above a note of any value. It's time value is taken from the previous note or rest.
Plop
48
Sometimes this is required between 2 notes - with its time value taken from the first of the 2 connected notes.
Regular Glissando
49
An ascending glissando that begins on the second half of a note of any value.
Doit, Doik, or Doink
50
A descending glissando that begins on the second half of a note of any value.
Drop or Fall
51
Saxophones can use Chromatic or diatonic scales for which jazz expressive glissandos?
Regular GlissandoDrop or FallDoit, Doik, or Doink
52
Trumpets can use "half valve or overtone series lip slurs" for which jazz expressive glissandos?
Rip or FlarePlopDrop or FallDoit, Doik, or Doink
53
"Lip up or finger lower grace note" are instructions to who to play what?
Saxophones, Scoop
54
Trombones can use "slide movement or overtone series lip slurs" for which jazz expressive glissandos?
PlopDrop or FallDoit, Doik, or Doink
55
"Lip up, finger lower grace note or half valve" are instructions to who to play what?
Trumpets, Scoop
56
"Lip or short slide movement" are instructions to who to play what?
Trombones, Scoop
57
"Lip up with chromatic or diatonic scale" are instructions to who to play what?
Saxophones, Rip or Flare
58
"Longer slide movement or overtone series lip slur" are instructions to who to play what?
Trombones, Rip or Flare
59
"Lip down with chromatic or diatonic scale" are instructions to who to play what?
Saxophones, Plop
60
"Chromatic or diatonic scale, half valve and slide" are instructions for sax, trumpet & trombone for what common jazz device?
Regular Glissando
61
Which melodic ornament is the only one that is always performed ON the beat?
Appoggiatura
62
This jazz expressive device is a variation on the classical Turn of Gruppetto.
Flip or Turn
63
"Perform the principal note, slur to the note above the principal note, glissando to the 2nd written note" are directions for who to play what?
Saxophone, Flip or Turn
64
"Perform the principal note, slur to the 1st available overtone above the principal note, lip slur the overtone series to the 2nd written note" are directions for who to play what?
Trumpets & Trombones, Flip or Turn
65
This effect is produced by "attacking the note in the normal manner, lowering the pitch by relaxing the embouchure, & bringing the note back up to pitch by tightening the embouchure."
Bend
66
This effect is produced by "attacking the note below. Penal pitch by using a relaxed embouchure and bringing the note up to pitch by tightening the embouchure." Its time value is NOT taken from the previous note or rest.
Smear
67
This effect is essentially a lip trill from the note marked, up to an overtone above.
Shake
68
The width & speed of the shake is normally determined by who?
Section leader or band leader
69
How does a saxophone simulate a shake?
With a keyed trill (lip trill is not possible)
70
This saxophone effect consists of a soft, airy sound produced by relaxing the embouchure.
Subtone
71
Muting is a way to alter brass wind sounds. What is H.O.B.?
Hand over bell
72
What is the purpose of false Fingerings & swallowed notes?
To change the timbre of a note
73
How are swallowed notes typically indicated?
With parentheses
74
These "notes" are performed at a lower dynamic level than surrounding notes.
Swallowed notes
75
Straight eighths are sometimes used to replace swing eighths for effect. How are they notated?
With a tenuto sign or simply marked "straight eighths"
76
Adagio
Slow
77
Largo
Slow, broad
78
Andante
Going, walking
79
Moderato
Moderate
80
Name 2 medium tempi
Andante, Moderato
81
Allegro
Cheerful, Quick
82
Vivace
Lively
83
Presto
Fast
84
Name 3 faster tempi
Allegro, Vivace, Presto
85
Tenuto
Momentary change in tempo meaning "held or sustained" (I just think full value)
86
Rubato
Momentary change in tempo meaning "robbed or stolen."
87
Deliberate unsteadiness of tempo
Rubato
88
A slackening and quickening of tempo for the sake of expression
Rubato
89
Fermata
Stay, stop
90
Unmeasured pause or hold
Fermata
91
A rest for the entire band
General Pause (G.P.) - sometimes called a grand pause
92
Name 6 momentary changes in tempo
Tenuto, Rubato, Fermata, General Pause (G.P.), Lunga Pause, Cut Off
93
Lunga Pause
Long pause
94
An abrupt, short pause
Cut Off (//)
95
Name 4 Increasing tempo terms
Accelerando, Incalzando, Stringendo, Piu Mosso
96
Accelerating
Accelerando
97
Hastening, pressing forward
Incalzando
98
Suddenly accelerating
Stringendo
99
More moved
Piu Mosso
100
Name 8 decreasing tempo terms
Allargando, Calando, Rallentando, Ritardando, Ritenuto, Meno Mosso, Morendo, Smorzando
101
Becoming broader, slower
Allargando
102
Slowing and decreasing in loudness (3 possibilities)
Calando, Morendo, Smorzando
103
Gradually slower (2 possibilities)
Rallentando (rall.) OR Ritardando (rit.)
104
Suddenly slower
Ritenuto
105
Less moved
Meno Mosso
106
These 3 terms indicate a return to a previous tempo
A Tempo, Primo Tempo, Tempo I
107
In (original) tempo
A Tempo
108
First tempo (2 possibilities)
Primo Tempo or Tempo I
109
These 3 terms indicate "No change in Tempo" (or same tempo)
L'istesso Tempo, Lo Stesso Tempo, Stesso Tempo
110
Lento
Slow, Dragging
111
Name 3 "soft" dynamic indicators
pp - very softp - softmp - medium soft
112
Pianissimo
very soft
113
Piano
soft
114
Mezzo Piano
medium soft
115
Name 3 "loud" dynamic indicators
mf - mezzo fortef - forteff - fortissimo
116
Mezzo Forte
Medium strong (loud)
117
Forte
Strong (loud)
118
Fortissimo
Very strong (loud)
119
These 6 terms are directions for increasing dynamics
CrescendoForzando, Forzato Sforzando, SforzatoRinzforzando
120
Crescendo
cresc. - gradually increasing loudness
121
Forzando and/or Forzato
fz - forced, strongly accented
122
Sforzando and/or Sforzato
sfz - forced, strongly accented
123
Rinzforzando
rfz OR rinf. - sudden stress or emphasis
124
These 5 terms are directions for decreasing dynamics
CalandoDecrescendoDiminuendoMorendoSmorzando
125
Calando
cal. - decreasing loudness, slowing
126
Decrescendo
decresc. OR dec. - gradually decreasing loudness
127
Diminuendo
dim. - gradually decreasing loudness
128
Morendo
mor. - decreasing loudness
129
Smorzando
smorz. - decreasing loudness, slowing
130
These three dynamic indicators share this definition - "decreasing loudness, slowing"
Calando, Morendo, Smorzando
131
These 2 dynamic indicators share this definition - "gradually decreasing loudness"
Decrescendo and Diminuendo
132
Italian term for "To, at, for, by, in, etc."
a
133
Italian term for "According to"
Alla
134
Italian term for "Very"
Assai
135
Italian term for "Well"
Ben
136
Italian term for "With"
Con
137
Italian term for "Of, from"
Da, di
138
Italian term for "Double"
Doppio
139
Italian term for "And"
e
140
Italian term for "The"
Il (iL)
141
Italian term for "But"
Ma
142
Italian term for "Less"
Meno
143
Italian term for "Half"
Mezzo
144
Italian term for "Much"
Molto
145
Italian term for "Moved"
Mosso
146
Italian term for "Motion"
Moto
147
Italian term for "Not"
Non
148
Italian term for "More"
Piu
149
Italian term for "Little"
Poco
150
Italian term for "First"
Primo
151
Italian term for "Like, as"
Quasi
152
Italian term for "Dry"
Secco
153
Italian term for "Always"
Sempre
154
Italian term for "Without"
Senza
155
Italian term for "Under"
Sotto
156
Italian term for "Same"
Stesso
157
Italian term for "As much, so much"
Tanto
158
Italian term for "Too (much)"
Troppo
159
Italian term for "A, an, one"
Un, uno, una
160
Italian term for "Voice"
Voce
161
Italian term for "Attack Suddenly"
Attacca Subito
162
Italian term for "Divide in two (three)"
Div a 2 (3)
163
Italian term for "With the part"
Colla Parte
164
Italian term for "Follows"
Segue
165
Italian term for "Mute(s)"
Sordino(i)
166
Italian term for "Turn (page) immediately"
Volta subito or V.S.
167
Italian term for "Alone, performed by a single performer"
Solo
168
Italian term for "Plural of solo, more than one player plays the solo parts"
Soli
169
Italian term for "All together"
Tutti
170
Italian term for "Full band"
Ensemble (Ens.)
171
Italian term for "Agitated"
Agitato
172
Italian term for "Spirited"
Animato
173
Italian term for "Bravery"
Bravura
174
Italian term for "Brilliant"
Brilliante
175
Italian term for "Brilliance"
Brio
176
Italian term for "Singing"
Cantabile
177
Italian term for "As if sung"
Cantando
178
Italian term for "Decisive"
Deciso
179
Italian term for "Sweet"
Dolce
180
Italian term for "Sweetly"
Dolcemente
181
Italian term for "Grief"
Dolore
182
Italian term for "Pained"
Doloroso
183
Italian term for "Grieving"
Dolente
184
Italian term for "Energetic"
Energico
185
Italian term for "Expressive"
Espressivo (Expressivo)
186
Italian term for "Force"
Forza
187
Italian term for "Fire"
Fuoco
188
Italian term for "Just, strict, precise"
Giusto
189
Italian term for "Heavy" (2 answers)
Grave, Pesante
190
Italian term for "Tearful"
Lacrimoso
191
Italian term for "Majestic"
Maestoso
192
Italian term for "Marked"
Marcato
193
Italian term for "March"
Marcia
194
Italian term for "Martial"
Marziale
195
Italian term for "Impassioned"
Passionato, Appassionato
196
Italian term for "At pleasure"
Piacere, a piacere
197
Italian term for "Pompous"
Pomposo
198
Italian term for "Ponderous"
Ponderoso
199
Italian term for "Religious"
Religioso
200
Italian term for "Playful, joking"
Scherzando
201
Italian term for "Sustained"
Sostenuto
202
Italian term for "Loud, noisy"
Strepitoso
203
Italian term for "Vigorously"
Vigoroso
