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Anatomy Section 6 > 7 – Ovaries > Flashcards

7 – Ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

Estrus cycle:

A

-reproductive cycle from one period of estrus to another

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2
Q

Estrus (noun):

A

-time period during which the female is sexually RECEPTIVE
-state of heightened sexual arousal and activity
-usually coinciding with ovulation

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3
Q

Anestrus (noun):

A

-interval of sexual activity between 2 periods of estrus in female mammals that breed cyclically

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4
Q

Luteal phase terminology (2)

A

-diestrus
-metestrus

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5
Q

Diestrus (noun):

A

-short period of sexual quiescence between 2 estrus periods, during which the uterus is prepared for a fertilized ovum

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6
Q

Metestrus (noun):

A

-period of sexual inactivity that follows estrus
-period of growth of corpus luteum

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7
Q

Monstrous (adjective):

A

-having one estrus cycle per year or season

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8
Q

Estrous (behaviour)=adjective types:

A

-anestrous
-polyestrous
-monestrous

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9
Q

Polyestrous:

A

-having several estrus cycles during a single breeding season
-ovulating more than once a year

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10
Q

Proestrus:

A

-period immediately before estrus in female mammals

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11
Q

Proestrus is characterized by:

A

-luteolysis
-development of the endometrium
-maturation of the ovulatory ovarian follicles

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12
Q

Multiparous:

A

-given birth 2 or more times

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13
Q

Nulliparous:

A

-never given birth

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14
Q

Primiparous:

A

-given birth for the first time

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15
Q

Monotocous:

A

-producing one offspring in a single birth
Ex. women, cow

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16
Q

Polytocous:

A

-giving birth to several offspring at a time
Ex. sow, bitch

17
Q

Tubular genitalia consists of:

A

-uterine tube
-uterus
-cervix
-vagina
-vestibule
-vulva and clitoris

18
Q

Where are the ovaries?

A

-suspended from roof of abdomen and walls of the pelvis=BROAD LIGAMENT

19
Q

What is the surface epithelium of ovaries?

A

-modified=NOT peritoneum

20
Q

Tunica albuginea:

A

*much thinner than in male
-marked mesenchymal condensation that will indicate a gonad will become a teste

21
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterus?

A

-cranial: ovarian artery (dogs and cats)
-caudal: vaginal artery (uterine branch)
*2 combine together to give blood to the whole uterine horn
*large animals=3rd blood vessel in the middle

22
Q

Ovaries migration:

A

-ventral and caudal migration toward pelvic cavity=SPECIES SPECIFIC

23
Q

Ovaries: horses

A

-really big (follicles=5cm)
-‘inside out’
>close to birth they invert themselves
>cortex is in middle, medulla is on outside
*follicles are in the middle=can only happen on a very small part of ovarian surface

24
Q

Ovulation fossa: horses

A

-depression in the free board of ovary where ovulation occurs

25
Q

Ovaries shape and size: dogs and cats

A

-almond

26
Q

Ovaries: cows

A

-walnut
-small antral follicle=have a space that is filled with fluid
>surrounding cells produce estrogen
-work together=behave as one
>ovulation only happens in one

27
Q

Ovary cortex:

A

-follicles
-corpus luteum
*parenchymatous zone

28
Q

Corpus luteum:

A

-endocrine glands that develop after ovulation
-produce progesterone that degenerates if not pregnant

29
Q

Ovary medulla:

A

-vessels
-nerves
-connective tissue
-rete ovarii
*vascular zone

30
Q

Ovaries during fetal stage:

A

-all follicles are produced then
>contain 1 oocyte with a surrounding supportive layer
*primary, secondary, tertiary depends on the number of support cells surrounding it

31
Q

Zona pellucida:

A

-covers the egg for first 7 days of life
-has receptors for sperm=SPECIES DEPENDENT
-prevents entry of multiple sperm
-‘break open’ and the embryo will come out and start making placenta

32
Q

Oocyte ‘breaking’ from follicle:

A

-gentle process
-surrounded by cells that are very sticky=keep it attached to surface so it can be slowly taken into oviduct

33
Q

Corpus luteum ‘stages’:

A
  1. Corpus hemorrhagicum (red)
  2. Corpus luteum (yellow)
  3. Corpus albicans=regress and a scar remains for another cycle or so
34
Q

Ovarian bursa:

A

-space between ovary and oviduct
-ovary can go in and out of it in most species
>dogs and cats=narrow=ovary is completely ENTRAPPED

Anatomy Section 6 (18 decks)

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