7. Pediatric HTN Flashcards
(41 cards)
What occurs when a patient with BP levels >95th percentile occur in a physicians office or clinic, but is normotensive outside a clinical setting?
White-Coat Hypertension
What occurs when a patient with BP levels >95% outside of the office or clinic, but is normotensive in the clinical setting?
Masked hypertension
What has caused an increased prevalence of primary hypertension in older school aged children?
Obesity
Left ventricular hypertrophy LVH is the most prominent evidence of target organ damage in children and adolescents, what is the primary tool for assesing prevalence or absence of LVH?
ECHOCARDIOGRAPH NOT EKG
What occurs in the following situations…
Blood pressure cuff is too small..?
Blood pressure cuff is too large..?
Small = artificial elevation of the BP
Large+ artificial lowering of the BP
What is the presence of 5 or more RBCs per high power field in 3 consecutive fresh centrifuged specimens obtained over the span of a few weeks?
Hematuria
The following do what? Rifambin Nitrofurantion Pyridium Sulfa drugs Beets Rhubarb Fruit Juices
COLOR THE URINE
In newborns, uric acid crystals in the urine cause a brick red color in the diaper, which is mainly caused by?
Dehydration
Urinanalysis are often done as part of a pre-participation physical at usually what age?
5
A UA can only tell you if there is myoglobin and hemoglobin within the urine, what do you need to order to tell if there are RBCs?
UA with micro*
What is characterized by recent strep throat, follow by hematuria, HTN, edema, proteinuria, +ASO titer, low serum complement C3, and deposition of immune complexes in glomeruli?
Post Infectious Acute Glomerulonephritis
How does one treat post infectious acute glomerulonephritis?
Supportive Care!
What disease is characterized by hematuria, abdominal pain, blood stool, palpable purpura, hives, emisis, diarrhea?
Henoch Shonlein Purpura
IgA vasculitis
In HSP, the development of proteinuria along with hematuria is prognostically indicative of potential long term?
RENAL DAMAGE
Tx: steroids work only once
What can be expected with the following presentations... Fever with no cause found on PE************ Decreased intake Smelly Urine Dark Urine Stomach Pain Frequency/Urgency Dysuria Loss of control
UTI in children
***if fever with no explanation after PE then UTI - get urinalysis
What are the two most common genitourinary abonormalities associated with UTIs that do not respond to therapy?
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJ)
Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) - MALES ONLY
In obtaining a urine sample when UTI is suspected, what is needed from the child in order to obtain a clean catch urine sample?
The child to void on command
If the child is unable to void on command, one can perform suprapubic aspiration, or what, which is the most common?
Catheterization
What urine samples are only helpful if they are negative, and are NOT appropriate for culture?
Bag urine samples
*obtain urine before giving abx
For Dx of UTI, urine obtained by clean catch with the presence of both what, and at least 50,000 colonies per ml of a single uropathogenic organism?
Pyuria
For dx of UTI, urine obtained via catheter, pyuria and how much colonies per ml CPM must be present?
50,000 or 10-15000 confirmed by repeat culture
What enzyme is present in the urine, and is positive when WBC is high in the urine, signaling inflammation and infection in the kidney or urinary tract?
Leukocyte Esterase
When screening for the presence of UTI, what is positive due to certain types of bacteria, including **E.COLI **, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, etc?
Nitrate
What is the most common bacterial cause of UTI in children? What is the most common bacterial cause of ear infection or pneumonia in children?
UTI: E Coli
Ear infection/Pneumonia: Steptococcus Pneumonia