7. Signaling Molecules to Memorize

Question 1

What signaling molecule:

Stimulates neutrophil production?

Answer 1

G-CSF

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

Question 2

What signaling molecules:

Help to develop B Cells?

Answer 2

IL-1, IL-6, IL-7

Question 3

What signaling molecules:

Help in T Cell development?

Answer 3

IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7

(Same as B Cells, but also including IL-2)

Question 4

Chemokine interaction with what T Cell receptor causes tight binding to high endothelial venules and influences migration to the T Cell zone of the lymph nodes?

Answer 4

CCR7

Question 5

What cell receptor on B Cells influences migration to the follicular region of the lymph nodes?

Answer 5

CXCR5

Question 6

What is the function of Type 1 Interferons? (aplha and beta)

Answer 6

Blocks viral replication within host cells

Question 7

Which TLRs are endosomal?

Answer 7

3, 7, 8, 9

Question 8

What is the substrate for:

TLR 1 - TLR 2

AND

TLR 2 - TLR 6

Answer 8

Bacterial lipopeptides

Question 9

What is the substrate for:

TLR 2 (by itself)

Answer 9

Bacterial Peptidoglycan

Question 10

What is the substrate for TLR 3?

Answer 10

ds RNA

Question 11

What is the substrate for:

TLR 4?

Answer 11

Lipopolysaccaride

Question 12

What is the substrate for:

TLR 5?

Answer 12

Bacterial Flagellin

Question 13

What is the substrate for:

TLR 7

Answer 13

ss RNA

Question 14

What is the substrate for:

TLR 8?

Answer 14

ss RNA

Question 15

What is the substrate for:

TLR 9?

Answer 15

CpG rich DNA

Question 16

What TLR uses TRIF signaling?

Answer 16

TLR 3

Question 17

What signaling is used by TLR 4?

Answer 17

MyD88

and
TRIF

Question 18

What are the steps for the TLR 4 signaling pathway from MyD88 to Nfkb?

Answer 18

MyD88

IRAK

TRAF6

IKK

IkB

NFkB

(My ideal date (MyD88)? Go to Irak, get stuck in TRAFfic, I Kick a Kid, I Kick a Ball, and have a conversation about NFkB)

Question 19

What is the function of and receptor for HMGB1?

Answer 19

Activates NFkB as a DAMP

RAGE is the receptor

Question 20

In what class of signaling molecules is Uric Acid?

Answer 20

DAMP

Question 21

In what class of signaling molecules are HSPs?

Answer 21

DAMPs

Question 22

What two pro-inflammatory cytokines are released in response to HSPs?

Answer 22

TNF-alpha

IL-1beta

Question 23

What two signaling pathways are triggered by the inflammosome?

Answer 23

Nf-kB and MAPK

Question 24

The primary funciton of Caspase 1 is to activate which two cytokines?

Answer 24

IL-1beta

IL-18

Question 25

What are the three scavenger receptors?

Answer 25

MARCO Class A Type I Class A Type II

Question 26

What do scavenger receptors recognize and bind to on bacterial constituents?

Answer 26

Negative charge

Question 27

What is bound by the C Type Lectin Family of receptors?

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

What is the healthy marker for RBCs to avoid getting killed by NK cells?

Answer 28

CD-47

Question 29

What interleukin is responsible for neutrophil migration?

Answer 29

IL-8

Question 30

What cytokine is produced by NK cells to stimulate macrophages? What cytokine is produced by macrophages to stimulate NK cells?

Answer 30

NK cells produce **IFN-y** (gamma) to stimulate macrophages. Macrophages produce **IFN-1alpha** to stimulate NK cells

Question 31

What compliment proteins function as opsonins?

Answer 31

C3b, C3bi

Question 32

What interleukin regulates acute phase proteins?

Answer 32

IL-6

Question 33

What are the two anti-inflammatory cytokines discussed?

Answer 33

IL-10 TGF-beta

Question 34

What cytokines are most commonly associated with fever production?

Answer 34

IL-1 TNF (Especially IL-1)

Question 35

What is the primary chemoattractant for monocytes?

Answer 35

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 (alpha/beta) MIP-1

Question 36

What intracellular protein blocks viral RNA translation into protein?

Answer 36

Protein Kinase Rna activated (PKR)

Question 37

What is activated by Type 1 IFN to mediate viral RNA degradation.

Answer 37

RnaseL

Question 38

What signaling molecule increases MHC II production in Macrophages and Dendritic cells? What signaling molecule increases MHC II in B Cells?

Answer 38

IFN-y (gamma) IL-4