2. Introduction to the Immune System

Question 1

What sorts of things would be catagorized as an induced innate response?

Answer 1

Phagocytosis

Compliment activation

Inflammatory mechanisms

Cytokine secretion

Question 2

What signals the “depot” of neutrophils in bone marrow to release into the blood?

Answer 2

Cytokines from local infection

Question 3

What type of cell are Langerhan’s cells?

Answer 3

Skin dendritic cells

Question 4

What cells can be found in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath?

Answer 4

T Cells

Question 5

What kind of immunity generates immunologic memory?

Answer 5

Active immunity

Question 6

What is the basic function of cell mediated immunity?

Answer 6

Killing infected host cells to eliminate reservoirs of infection

Question 7

What is the basic function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes?

Answer 7

Destroys an infected host cell to release an intracellular pathogen and make it vulnerable to phagocytosis and elimination

Question 8

What T cells primarily reside in the dermis?

Answer 8

CD4+ T Cells (T Helper cells)

Question 9

What type of immunoglobulin is the primary immunoglobulin of the intestine?

Answer 9

IgA

Question 10

About how long does the nieve adaptive immune system take to respond to infection?

Answer 10

5-7 days

Question 11

What do mast cells do that is beneficial for immune response?

Answer 11

Regulate vascular permiability and effector cell recruitment

Question 12

What type of immunity depends upon limited, germline encoded receptors?

Answer 12

Innate immunity

Question 13

Which T Cells are primarily in the epidermis?

Answer 13

CD8+ T Cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)

Question 14

How long do neutrophils function before dying?

Answer 14

1 or 2 days

Question 15

What is active immunity?

What is passive immunity?

Answer 15

Active immunity is immunity as a response to a microbe or a microbial antigen

Passive immunity is immunity due to receipt of antibodies or T lymphocytes specific for the microbe.

Question 16

What two cells get rid of damaged tissues?

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Macrophages

Question 17

What kind of immunity is garnered by a vaccine?

Answer 17

Active immunity

/

Adaptive immunity

Question 18

What are the four roles of macrophages as outlined in the slides?

Answer 18

1. Homeostatic functions (clearing cellular debris and iron processing)
2. Immune surveillance
3. Response to infection
4. Resolution of infection

Question 19

How do naive T Cells enter lymph nodes?

Answer 19

Through high endothelial venules (HEV’s)

Question 20

What is the name for the region of the spleen where B Cells are found?

Answer 20

The follicle

Question 21

What is herd immunity?

Answer 21

The idea that if there are a large number of immune people in a population, disease has a difficult time spreading even to non-immune people, due to the lack of available vectors.

Question 22

Which type of immunity gives rise to acute inflammation?

Answer 22

Innate immunity

Question 23

How long does it take for an induced adaptive response to kick in?

Answer 23

>96 hours

Question 24

What is the function of a dendritic cell?

Answer 24

Stimulation of T Cells especially, and the adaptive immune system more generally

Question 25

How are blood borne antigens captured and presented in the spleen?

Answer 25

By local antigen presenting cells

Question 26

What lymphocytes are found more towards the peripheral lymph nodes?

Answer 26

B Cells

Question 27

What chemokine receptor do B Cells use to know to go through high endothelial venules to the B Cell zone of a lymph node (follicles)?

Answer 27

CXCR5

Question 28

What does the white pulp of the spleen consist of?

Answer 28

The follicles and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

Question 29

What lymphocytes are found in the center of a lymph node?

Answer 29

T Cells

Question 30

Which of the two phagocytes participates in cellular immunity?

Answer 30

Macrophages (Neutrophils are not typically antigen presenting cells)

Question 31

What is the principal defense mechanism against multicellular pathogens?

Answer 31

Humoral adaptive immunity

Question 32

What are the five features of the acute inflammatory response?

Answer 32

Calor - Heat Rubor - Redness Tumor - Swelling Dolor - Pain Functio Laesa - Loss of function

Question 33

When is an antibody to a specific antigen first developed?

Answer 33

**Before** the antigen is exposed to the immune system

Question 34

What is the basic function of regulatory T cells?

Answer 34

Suppresses the immune response to self antigens

Question 35

What chemokine receptor do T Cells use to know to go to the high endothelial venules and the T Cell zone of the lymph nodes?

Answer 35

CCR7 chemokine receptor

Question 36

Who is the "father of cell mediated immunity?"

Answer 36

Eliya Metchnikoff

Question 37

What cell is responsible for acute allergic reactions?

Answer 37

Mast cells

Question 38

What are the three "secondary" lymphoid organs?

Answer 38

Spleen Lymph nodes Mucosal immune tissues

Question 39

What are the two "primary" lymphoid organs?

Answer 39

Bone marrow Thymus

Question 40

What sort of cells express CD34?

Answer 40

Pluripotent stem cells

Question 41

Where do dendritic cells present antigens to T Cells?

Answer 41

T Cell zone of lymph nodes

Question 42

What do keratinocytes produce that controls resident microorganisms on the skin?

Answer 42

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 43

What are "sentinal cells?"

Answer 43

Immune cells in the tissues, rather than in the blood.

Question 44

What is the basic function of T Helper cells?

Answer 44

Recognize antigens on antigen presenting cells and secrete cytokines to activate other immune and inflammatory mechanisms.

Question 45

What is the function of a peyer's patch?

Answer 45

Takes pathogens from the lumen of the intestine and presents it to the immune cells.

Question 46

How long does it take for an induced innate response to kick in?

Answer 46

4-96 hours

Question 47

Which type of immunity has memory?

Answer 47

Adaptive immunity

Question 48

Where would you see plasmacytoid dendritic cells?

Answer 48

Embryological development

Question 49

What are the eight cells of innate immunity?

Answer 49

Neutrophil Basophil Eosinophil Mast cell Monocyte Macrophage Dendritic Cell Natural Killer Cell

Question 50

Which cells of adaptive immunity require stimulation from a middleman to function?

Answer 50

T Cells

Question 51

What two cells can differentiate from a blood monocyte?

Answer 51

Dendritic cell Macrophage

Question 52

How do phagocytes recruit other cells to the site of infection?

Answer 52

Release of cytokines

Question 53

What two cells are phagocytes?

Answer 53

Neutrophils Macrophages