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Week 4 > Wings > Flashcards

Wings Flashcards

1
Q

Cross wing area

A

Area of whole wingspan from tip to tip. Also taking into account the bit of the area in the middle between the two wings

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2
Q

Taper ratio is?

The formula?

A

Ratio of wingtip chord to root chord.

TR=Tip chord
—————
Root chord

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3
Q

Average chord

& formula for wing area

A

The mean geometric chord length of the wing, at midpoint of wing, from leading edge to trailing edge.

Wing area= wingspan x average (mean) chord.

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4
Q

Aspect ratio

A

Ratio of wing span to the average chord.

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5
Q

Aspect ratio for rectangular wing =

A

SPAN / CHORD

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6
Q

Aspect ratio for tapered or swept wing =

A

Span^2
————
Area

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7
Q

Low aspect ratio will mean

A

A low CL, but higher AOA

Opposite for high aspect ratio

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8
Q

Sweep angle

A

Angle between wing and the straight latitudinal line going over aircraft at the root of the wing.

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9
Q

Disadvantages of a swept angle wing

A

Not all airflow meeting wing at 90⚫️ = less lift

Can lead to shockwaves on wingtips

Stall at wingtips

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10
Q

Advantages of a sweep wing angle

A

Can deal with critical MAC very well (high speed stuff)

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11
Q

Wind component

A

How much wind you’re able to use for lift

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12
Q

Wind component ratio

A

speed X cos(windsweep angle)

^airflow speed in m/s

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13
Q

Wind component

A

How much wind you’re able to use for lift

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14
Q

Wind component =

A

Air flow speed (m/s) X cos(windsweep angle)

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15
Q

Mac is

A

Percentage of a theoretical rectangular wing

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16
Q

Rigging angle

A

Angle from wing root slant to the longitudinal axis of aircraft.
Normally slightly positive angle

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17
Q

Angle of incidence

A

Angle between chord line of wing and a/c longitudinal axis. (Twists along the wing)

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18
Q

Washout

A

The slight twist given to wings, which reduces the angle of incidence from root to tip.

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19
Q

We have washout on aircraft to…

A

Promote stalling at root and not tips

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20
Q

Dihedral wing design

What’s the angle?

A

Wings go up.

Angle between wing & line of latitude of aircraft

21
Q

Anhedral

It’s effect on an aircraft?

A

Wings point downwards from root.

Less stability, more controllability

22
Q

Spanwise flow / tip vortices

A

High static pressure below wing moves to the wing tip to try and get to the low static pressure on top. As it tries to get on top, it is already propelled backwards. Creating tip vortices.

23
Q

Port is

A

Left

24
Q

Starboard is

A

Right

25
Q

Looking from behind - an aircraft
the spanwise flow
port side goes
Starboard goes

A

Clockwise

Anti clockwise

26
Q

Tip vortices does depend on

A

How long wing tip is.
If longer = more air, higher strength.

Higher speed, less time for vortex to form

27
Q

Low aspect ratio will mean for tip vortices

A

Stronger vortices

28
Q

If lift decreases, tip vortices,

A

Decrease

29
Q

Trailing edge vortices

A

Back of wing. Caused by air flow on underside & on top of wing influenced by spanwise flows either going to edge of wing or to root. As air on each side differ in direction, when they meet at the trailing edge they create a vortices.

30
Q

3D flow downwash is greater than 2D flow downwash because of

A

trailing edge vortices

31
Q

As downwash increased, like a flat plate being pushed down from one side, the EAF (effective Air Flow) rises up, this causes

A

The lift to shift upwards and slant to the right - of the original lift position.

32
Q

The angle between the EAF effective air flow, and the RAF relative air flow, is the

A

Induced AOA

33
Q

As EAF effective airflow, increases upwards, the Effective AOA

A

Decreases. This is important as, AOA generates lift. Although on the contrary, too much AOA (e.g16⚫️) could cause a stall.

34
Q

Faster you go, less induced drag as

A

Less downwash

35
Q

Elliptical wing distribution generally means

A

More lift at wing root

Less lift at wing tip

36
Q

A high aspect ratio means

Induced drag wise

A

Less induced drag

37
Q

Elliptical wing design
But
Negative consequence

A

Almost equal lift distribution from root to wing tip.

If you stall, stall happens all over wing

38
Q

Moderately tapered wing

A

Strong downwash at tip. Less at root.

39
Q

Shaking that occurs at stall, occurs from

A

Turbulent Airflow separating from wing first at wing root, then hitting the aircraft tail.

40
Q

Swept wing means

A

Will stall at the tip

increased lift at wing tip

41
Q

A camber change will result in

A

Smaller downwash, as less disturbance at the wing tip

42
Q

Frames of reference

A

Airflow to ac

Ac to airflow

43
Q

Wing loading formula

A

Weight of ac
/
Wing area

44
Q

2 main types of drag

A

Non-aerodynamic drag (PARASITE DRAG) & aerodynamic drag

45
Q

Aerodynamic drag consists of

And what is it?

A

Induced drag

The force on a force that’s resisting.

46
Q

Parasite drag consists of

A

Form drag - pressure gradient
Skin friction drag - mechanical drag
Interference drag - airflow hitting it self all over the ac surface

47
Q

Form drag + skin friction drag make up

A

Profile drag

48
Q

As speed increases,
Parasite drag…
Induced drag…

A

Increases

Decreases

49
Q

High aspect ratio means a larger or smaller area of wing tip?

A

Smaller.

Week 4 (11 decks)

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