complications of fractures

Question 1

why does bone appear darker in AVN on X-ray ?

Answer 1

collapse of subchondral bone

Question 2

what confirms diagnosis of AVN?

Answer 2

angiography

Question 3

tx of AVN/

Answer 3

surgery to revascularise the limb

Question 4

what is malunion?

Answer 4

separate areas of bone heal but without correct alignment

Question 5

how would you correct significant mal union ?

Answer 5

osteotomy

Question 6

what is non union ?

Answer 6

the separated areas of bone do not fuse

Question 7

o If union has not occurred by ? months, then it is unlikely to do so without intervention

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

what usually develops between the two surfaces in non union ?

Answer 8

tissue

Question 9

clinical signs of non union ?

Answer 9

ongoing pain
ongoing oedema
movement at the fracture site

Question 10

what is tenosynovitis?

Answer 10

inflammation of the synovium

Question 11

causes of tenosynovitis?

Answer 11

de quervains tenosynovitis

Question 12

• Pain on the radial side of the wrist at radial styloid process
• On examination there may be swelling along the course of the thumb tendons

Answer 12

tenosynovitis

Question 13

what movement of the thumb is sore in ten…?

Answer 13

abduction of the thumb against resistance

Question 14

tennis elbow - medial or lateral?

Answer 14

lateral nadal

Question 15

how is pain exacerbated in tennis elbow?

Answer 15

forced palmar flexion of wrist

Question 16

golfers elbow. proper name ?

Answer 16

medial epicondylitis

Question 17

how is pain exacerbated in golfers elbow ?

Answer 17

forced dorsiflexion of the wrist

Question 18

treamtent of golfers and tennis elbow?

Answer 18

avoid cause 
pain killers 
NSAIDS 
rest 
they are self limiting