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Mining > Day 3 > Flashcards

Day 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic Wt of Cr

A

51.996 g

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2
Q

Atomic Wt of Ni

A

58.693 g

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3
Q

Atomic Wt of Au

A

196.97 g

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4
Q

Atomic Wt of O

A

15.999 g

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5
Q

Atomic Wt of Zn

A

65.38 g

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6
Q

Atomic Wt of Hg

A

200.59 g

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7
Q

Atomic Wt of Cu

A

63.546 g

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8
Q

Atomic Wt of Fe

A

55.845

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9
Q

1 assay ton

A

29.1666 g

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10
Q

Why are sulfides good in flotation?

A

Hydrophobicity except for zinc

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11
Q

Oil exploration location in 2008

A

Tañon Strait

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12
Q

Crisscross of veins or veinlets

A

Stockwork

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13
Q

Secondary mineral in a fracture

A

vein

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14
Q

Acid used to extract Uranium

A

Ammonium Nitrate (NH4)2NO3 or Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

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15
Q

Sulfate used as drilling mud

A

Barite

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16
Q

Scale of an army map

A

1:50,000

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17
Q

Philex Negros mine extracts

A

AU and Cu

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18
Q

Gold SG

A

19.3

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19
Q

Cr SG

A

4.6

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20
Q

Graphite SG and Hardness

A

2 and 1-2

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21
Q

Sphalerite SG

A

4ish

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22
Q

Sphalerite Hardness

A

3.5-4

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23
Q

Host rock in Philex Bulawan in Negros

A

Dacite Porphyry breccia

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24
Q

Porphyry zone where most gold mineralization is found

A

Quartz-sericite-calcite

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25
Q

Describe Porphyry rock (Grain size, phenocryst type, ground mass )

A

Large rgained, quartz or feldspar phenocryst, silicate aphanitic groundmass

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26
Q

Where and How Sudbury Basin formed

A

Canadian Shield and meteorite impact

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27
Q

Sudbury basin metals extracted

A

Ni and Cu

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28
Q

Main resource formed in the Pre-Cambrian

A

Gold

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29
Q

Measured plus indicated resource

A

Demonstrated resources

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30
Q

Aside from modifying factors, the 3 most important info needed from resource to become reserve

A

(Quantity and Grade) (Econ feasible prod) (tech for ore extn and proc is available)

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31
Q

number of tectonic plates on earth

A

12 major plates

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32
Q

What is triboluminescence?

A

Luminous upon crushing

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33
Q

Chem formula of Calaverite

A

AuTe2

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34
Q

Chem form of Covellite

A

CuS

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35
Q

Types of Gypsum

A

Satin spar, selenite, alabaster

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36
Q

Other name for Iceland Spar

A

Calcite (Optically clear)

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37
Q

Other name for lodestone

A

Magnetite

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38
Q

Rutile, Anastase, Brookite

A

TiO2

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39
Q

Realgar formula name

A

Realgar

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40
Q

Carbonate ore of Mg

A

Magnesite (MgCO3)

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41
Q

Synonym for dolomite

A

Pearl Spar

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42
Q

Ore of Antimony (Sb2S3)

A

Stibnite

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43
Q

Pyrrhotite chemical formula

A

FeS

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44
Q

Carbonate ore of lead

A

Cerrusite

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45
Q

Known as “Black-Jack”

A

Sphalerite

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46
Q

Ions that lends color

A

Chromophore

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47
Q

Anhydrous Gypsum

A

Anhydrite

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48
Q

Emerald is a variety of

A

Beryl

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49
Q

3 Corundrum varieties

A

Rub, Sapphire, emery

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50
Q

Violet or purple variety of quartz

A

Amethyst

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51
Q

Forsterite-Fayalite solid solution cations

A

Mg to Fe

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52
Q

“the layer of unconsolidated rocky material covering bedroc”

A

Regolith

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53
Q

Bedding less than 1 cm thick

A

laminae

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54
Q

Bedding 1 cm or thicker

A

strata

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55
Q

Blue mineral in metamorphic rocks

A

glaucophane

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56
Q

Makes Greenschist green

A

Chlorite, epidote, actinolite

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57
Q

Index mineral is?

A

min that charcterize ea metamorphic zone

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58
Q

Definition of porphyritic texture

A

two contrasting crystal size, phenocryst and groundmassgroundmass

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59
Q

Igneous rock w/ very rapid cooling

A

glassy

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60
Q

Define fragmental texture

A

broken fragments of rock bc of volcanic eruption

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61
Q

Mafic composed of this % of olivine and pyroxene

A

> 45%

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62
Q

What is Porphyroblast?

A

like porphyrytic but for sedimentary rock

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63
Q

Pyroelectric is?

A

Naturally polarized crystal with a natural electric field

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64
Q

Thermoluminescence means

A

emits visible light when subjected to lower relative heat

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65
Q

amount of dark minerals in felsic

A

15% or less

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66
Q

Intermediate ig rock contains this % of dark minerals

A

15-45%

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67
Q

3 elements PGE’s combine with

A

Sb, Sb, S

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68
Q

Amount of alumina in refractory chromite

A

> 20%

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69
Q

Stratiform chromite contains this

A

V2O5

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70
Q

Most common Carbonate minerral in epithermal deposits

A

Calcite

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71
Q

Processes that epithermal deposits undeergo

A
  1. heat source,
  2. fluid flow,
  3. chemical reaction
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72
Q

Most common skarn deposit in the world

A

Calcic Endoskarn

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73
Q

Mineral deposit that comes from simple crystallization of intrusive bodies

A

Magmatic deposit

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74
Q

A way a magmatic deposit forms diff minerals

A

Segregation

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75
Q

VMS with no lead and galena in it

A

Cyprus

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76
Q

Porphyry zone that results from deep acid fluids and magmatic SO2

A

high temperature advanced argilic

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77
Q

Argillic are formed by

A

neutral pH-chloride fluids

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78
Q

Where gold is most like ly found

A

Silicification

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79
Q

Exsolution means

A

Solid solution phase unmixes into two separate phases

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80
Q

Contact metasomatism means?

A

When a fluid from magma contact alters wall rock consituents

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81
Q

Define “residual concentration”

A

Val minerals that form after weathering of other minerals (ie. laterite)

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82
Q

Describe deposit in Kuroko type

A

Strata bound polymetallic mineral due to submarine felsic volcanism

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83
Q

Describe deposit in Cyprus type

A

Stratiform/Massive base metal sulfide assoc w/ mafic-ultramafic composition, High Lead and mod Silver

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84
Q

Describe Besshi type

A

Strata bound massive cupriferous iron sulfide deposits in bed or lenticular for concordant to crystalline schist

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85
Q

Represents concentration of diffuse metals

A

metalliferous deposits

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86
Q

Decrease in pressure promotes

A

precipitation

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87
Q

Hydrothermal deposit temp range for epithermal

A

50-200 C

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88
Q

Hydrothermal deposit temp range for

A

200-300C

89
Q

Hydrothermal deposit temp range for

A

300-500C

90
Q

Primary deposit synonym

A

Supergene deposit

91
Q

Secondary deposit synonym

A

Supergene deposit

92
Q

Ideal Cr:Fe ration of Metallurgical grade chromite

A

2.5:1 or 3:1

93
Q

Ideal Cr:Fe ration of Chemical grade chromite

A

1.5 to 1.6 : 1

94
Q

Crtstallization differentiation and residual magma accumulation results in what type of deposit

A

Residual liquid segregation deposit

95
Q

Crystallization differentiation and accumulation deposit equals

A

Segregation

96
Q

Potassic zone is comprised of these common minerals

A

orthoclase (kfelds), quartz alunite, secondary biotite

97
Q

Argillic zone common minerals

A

Quartz sericite, calcite, pyrite, CLAY

98
Q

Phyllic common minerals

A

has white alumin-silicate minerals gypsum, anhydrite, zeolite and other like calcite

99
Q

Expansive clays 3 examples

A

montmorillonite, smectite, bentonite

100
Q

High sulfidation minerals

A

qtz-alunite-pyrophyllite-kaolinite

101
Q

Low sulfidation minerals

A

qtz-calcite-adularia-illite

102
Q

Ph of Low and High Sulfidation

A

Neutral and Acidic

103
Q

Homonhon Samar Chromite type

A

Chemical

104
Q

Black lignite synonym

A

sub-bituminous

105
Q

Moisture content of lignite

A

45%

106
Q

MC % of bituminous

A

20%

107
Q

Three plates joining is called

A

triple junction

108
Q

Adularia description

A

colorless, translucent to transparent feldspar that occur in low temperature veins

109
Q

Largest diamond producer

A

De Beers

110
Q

Term for a mineral wtih no variance in color

A

Idiochromatic

111
Q

Opposite of Idiochromatic

A

Allochromatic

112
Q

Clast means

A

Fragments in sed rocks from previous rocks

113
Q

Siliceous ore of a biochemical origin

A

Chert

114
Q

Direct exploration method

A

Geological sampling and mapping

115
Q

Meaning of Phenocryst

A

large well shaped crystal in ig rock

116
Q

Metamorphogenetic VMS

A

Besshi

117
Q

Pioneer of Open pit mining of vein deposit

A

Masbate Gold

118
Q

Largest Gold producer

A

Philex Mine (Padcal)

119
Q

Bonanza deposit in Philippines

A

Acupan Mine Baguio

120
Q

Mine in Paracale, Camarines Norte

A

United Paragon Mining Corporation

121
Q

Mineral extracted by United Paragon MC

A

Gold

122
Q

What a Refractory has that a metallurgical chromite does not

A

Al2O3 and MgO

123
Q

Other name of Besshi

A

Kieslager

124
Q

Zone 1 of Podiform Chromite

A

Harzburgite

125
Q

Chromite type in harzburgite zone

A

Metallurgical grade

126
Q

Zone 2 of Podiform Chromite

A

upper level Dunite (high amount of metallurgical and refractory chromite)

127
Q

Zone 3 of Podiform Chromite

A

interlayer of dunite and wehrlite (crust mantle transition)

128
Q

Chromite is found in what part of a laterite deposit,

A

lowest laterite layer

129
Q

Deposit found in zone 3 of podiform

A

Nickel platinum sulfides

130
Q

Hypothermal deposit formed

A

high temperature and pressure

131
Q

Telethermal deposit description

A

Shallow, low temperature

132
Q

Leptothermal conditions

A

bet Epithermal and Mesothermal

133
Q

VMS type Keiko description

A

Volcano-exhalative type w. Chalcopyrite dominantly found in silicate rock

134
Q

Kuroko mineral deposits

A

Black ores: Sphalerite, Galena w/ barite and Chalcopyrite

135
Q

Oil and Natural gas organic matter origin

A

marine organisms

136
Q

Most suitable reservoir for oil

A

Sandstone

137
Q

When is natural gas formed

A

during conversion of organic matter to petroleum

138
Q

The word “stone” is used in what industry?

A

Quarrying

139
Q

Also called “block lead” or “plumbago”

A

Graphite

140
Q

Difference of Consequent and Subsequent streams

A

Consequent follows the original stream or slope, Subsequent follows the path of the weakest strata

141
Q

Local base level means

A

Lowest altitude w/c a stream can erode its channel

142
Q

Fossils mostlly found in this type of rock

A

limestone

143
Q

Extension of batholiths on the rocks above

A

Cupola

144
Q

Acoje Mine Chromite type

A

Metallurgical grade

145
Q

Coto Mine Chromite type

A

refractory grade

146
Q

Hinatuan Mine Surigao del Norte Nickel ore

A

garnierite

147
Q

Kind of deposit in Marinduque

A

Porphyry

148
Q

Kind of deposit in Sipalay, Negros

A

Porphyry type

149
Q

Zamabales Deposit type

A

Porphyry

150
Q

What is a Speleothem

A

Cave formations from limestone and dolostones

151
Q

Calcareous rock formed from Hot springs

A

Travertine

152
Q

Gradual mass wasting when soil is partly frozen

A

Solifluction

153
Q

San Andreas Fault is a

A

Right lateral strike slip fault

154
Q

Length of San Andreas fault

A

1200 km or 750 mi

155
Q

Marikina fault is what kind

A

right lateral strike slip fauit

156
Q

Philippine fault

A

left lateral strike slip fauit

157
Q

Philippine fault length

A

1200 km

158
Q

Migmatite description

A

Alternating met and ig layers due to partial melting

159
Q

Which is basaltic and wc is felsic (Scoria, pumice)

A

Pumice - felsic

Scoria - basalt

160
Q

Ignimbrite is formed when

A

> broken rocks is mixed with glass matrix bc rocks and&raquo_space; magma is mixed during explosion
Magma cools quickly making glass
Deposited at bot of volcano

161
Q

Diff of bomb and block

A

Block is erupted in solid condition (angular)

Bomb is erupted in liquid form

162
Q

3 Types of Pyroclasts (by size)

A

Ash - less than 2 mm
Lapilli - 2mm - 64 mm
Blocks - 64 mm and greater

163
Q

Pegmatitic texture size

A

Grains > 1 cm

164
Q

Phaneritic texture means

A

1 - 10 cm grains grains like granite

165
Q

Aphanitic texture is

A

1 mm or less

166
Q

What is tuff

A

compacted volcanic dust

167
Q

Counterpart of volcanic breccia

A

Agglomerate (sub-rounded clast or bombs)

168
Q

Caliche descrp

A

Calcium carbonate deposit in arid climate

169
Q

Orthoclase formula

A

KAlSi3O8

170
Q

Intermediate bet Rhyolite and Andesite

A

Dacite

171
Q

Diabasic texture descr

A

Euhedral lath-shaped plag felds set in fine mafic matrix

172
Q

Proposed Catastrophism

A

Georges Cuvier

173
Q

Proposed Big Bang thery

A

Georges Lemaitre

174
Q

What is “Jet”

A

Decaying wood that is extremely compacted

175
Q

What is a Surtseyan Eruption

A

Eruption with the interaction of magma and srufacwater

176
Q

Describe Strombolian Eruption

A

Mildly explosive that lasts seconds to minutes

w/ lots of pyro’c matl

177
Q

Desc Vulcanian eruption

A

Irregular explosions of dense clouds with some andesitic magma

178
Q

Desc Pelean Eruption

A

Large amount of pyroclastic flow

Ande to Rhyo magma

179
Q

Desc Plinian

A

Columns of debris and gasses spewed out

w/ Pyro surge

180
Q

Layers of atmosphere from highest to lowest

A
  1. Exosphere
  2. Thermosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Stratosphere
  5. Mesosphere
181
Q

Opal is a gemstone made up of

A

Quartz

182
Q

Green gemstone of qtz

A

Adventurine

183
Q

Cryptocrystalline silica

A

Chalcedony

184
Q

Texture of Agate

A

Alt bands of crypto and micro granular quartz

185
Q

What is a Craton

A

stable part of continental plate

186
Q

What is a shield

A

Part of a Craton that outcrops to surface

187
Q

French word for Sausage

A

Boudin

188
Q

What material are Boudins seen

A

Schists

189
Q

Desc Mullion

A

cylindrical and riblike formed from soft and stiff layer

190
Q

What is a Supratenous fold

A

Thickening of syncline and thinning at anticline

191
Q

Mineral also known as “heavy spar”

A

Barite

192
Q

Brown and hydrated oxide of manganese

A

Manganite

193
Q

Anticlinorium meaning

A

Large super imposed anticline

194
Q

Large scale anticline

A

Geanticline

195
Q

Bend in a horizontal strata

A

Monocline

196
Q

Diff of auto and alloch-tonous

A

Auto - indigenous

Alloch - from other

197
Q

Other name of “Tectonic Window”

A

Fenster

198
Q

Soil profile

A 
O - humus
A - mineral + humus
E - Clay layer and Zone of leaching
B - Transition broken bedrock
C - bedrock
199
Q

What is a Bolson

A

Valley or depression in playa

200
Q

Smaller plateau

A

Butte

201
Q

What is a playa

A

dry lake that becomes a salt pan

202
Q

Sand and gravel left by retreating glacier and features water flow from glacier

A

Moraine

203
Q

What are Eskers

A

Long winding deposited sands by streams inside glacier which then melted`

204
Q

Crescent dunes

A

Barchan

205
Q

Diff of 3 coral reef types

A
  1. Fringing - grows seaward from shore
  2. Atoll - like fringing but surrounds a sunken volcano
  3. Barrier - grow in middle of sea, expanse of water bet reef and shore is called a lagoon
206
Q

Climate for laterite deposit

A

tropical

207
Q

Base level

A

lower limit of stream erosion

208
Q

Phosphate mineral that can contain RRE

A

Monazite

209
Q

Process of extraction Al from Bauxite

A

Bayer process

210
Q

Bayer process descrp

A

Al2O3 is dissolved in cryolite bath
Carbon anodes pass electric current
O2 comb w/ anode, Al is left in molten form

211
Q

What is an accretionary prism

A

Scraped off layer of subductiong plate

212
Q

Metamorphicl rockmade up of talc

A

Soapstone

213
Q

Cassiterite formula

A

SnO2

214
Q

Cerussite formula

A

PbCo3

215
Q

Lead ore processing

A
  1. Concentration
    2.Sinter
    3.Blast furnace
    4, Refined
216
Q

Main mineral that signifies supergene sulphide enrichment

A

Chalcocite

217
Q

2 Pt ore minerals

A

Sperrylite

Braggite

218
Q

Uraninite in the Phil is assoc with what type of deposit

A

Kuroko

Mining (14 decks)

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