Section 1

Question 1

What is the function of the Heart Valves?

Answer 1

To prevent unwanted back flow.

Question 2

What is the heart muscle called?

Answer 2

The Myocardium.

Question 3

Where are the semilunar valves located?

Answer 3

At the base of the arteries leaving the heart.

Question 4

What are the valves between the Atria and the ventricles called?

Answer 4

Atrioventricular

Question 5

How many coronary arteries are there?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

The RIGHT coronary artery, supplies blood to which part of the heart?

Answer 6

Right Ventricle

Question 7

The LEFT coronary artery supplies blood to which part of the heart?

Answer 7

Left Ventricle and Posterior of the heart.

Question 8

What is the term used to describe hardening of the arteries?

Answer 8

Atherosclerosis

Question 9

Describe two changes that occur in arteries as a result of plaque formation.

Answer 9

1) Harder
2) Less Elastic
3) Thicker

Question 10

Give two risks associated with Hypertension.

Answer 10

1) Ischemic Heart Disease

2) Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 11

What is Angina Pectoris?

Answer 11

Chest pain as a result of a reduced blood supply to the myocardium.

Question 12

What is Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 12

A Heart Attack.

Question 13

Give five lifestyle factors that could contribute to blood vessel disease.

Answer 13

1) Smoking
2) Stress
3) Poor Diet
4) Lack of exercise
5) Overweight

Question 14

What is another name given to a stroke?

Answer 14

A Cerebrovascular Accident

Question 15

What is the term used to describe a reduction in blood flow or lack of blood?

Answer 15

Ischemia

Question 16

What is blood pressure?

Answer 16

A measure of force that blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them.

Question 17

What unit is blood pressure measured in?

Answer 17

Millimetres of Mercury (mmHg)

Question 18

What is cardiac output?

Answer 18

The volume of blood pumped around the body per minute.

Question 19

What is total peripheral resistance?

Answer 19

The resistance blood vessels offer to blood flow.

Question 20

Describe systolic blood pressure.

Answer 20

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the artery walls during contraction of heartbeat.

Question 21

Describe diastolic blood pressure.

Answer 21

Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the artery walls during relaxation of heartbeat.

Question 22

What is the average blood pressure?

Answer 22

120/80 mmHg

Question 23

What blood pressure reading would indicate Stage 2 Hypertension?

Answer 23

160-179/100-109 mmHg

Question 24

What SBP and DBP readings would be a contradiction to exercise?

Answer 24

180/110 mmHg

Question 25

What is considered to be a low blood pressure reading?

Answer 25

100/60 mmHg

Question 26

What is valsalva effect?

Answer 26

Holding breath whilst straining - This increase blood pressure and impedes the rerun of blood to the heart.

Question 27

What short term effect does aerobic exercise have on SBP?

Answer 27

Linear increase and increasing levels of exertion.

Question 28

What short term effect does aerobic exercise have on DBP?

Answer 28

May decrease slightly during exertion due to vasodilation.

Question 29

What short term effect does heavy resistance training have on DBP?

Answer 29

Significantly increases.

Question 30

What is meant by stroke volume?

Answer 30

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out with each beat of the heart.

Question 31

Name three long term cardiovascular changes caused by regular aerobic training.

Answer 31

1) Lower heart rate.
2) Greater stroke volume.
3) Increase in maximal cardiac output.