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Anatomy & Physiology > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outer membrane of a muscle called?

A

Epimysium

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2
Q

What is the term given to a bundle of muscle fibres?

A

Fasiculi

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3
Q

What is the outer sheath of a bundle of muscle fibres called?

A

Perimysium

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4
Q

What is the name of the membrane around each muscle fibre called?

A

Endomysium

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5
Q

Individual muscle fibres are formed from what structure?

A

Myofibril

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6
Q

Which mechanism results in muscle contraction?

A

Sliding Filament Theory

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7
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A

Actin + Myosin

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8
Q

What is the name given to the components that myofilaments are arranged in?

A

Sarcomere

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9
Q

Describe a tendon and its attachments.

A

Tough, non-elastic fibres which wrap around the end of the muscle and attach to the outer layer of the bone.

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10
Q

Which are thin and which are thick myofilaments?

A 
Actin = Thin 
Myosin = Thick
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11
Q

Which structure attaches to the actin filaments and pulls on these filaments?

A

Myosin

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12
Q

Why is calcium important to muscle contraction?

A

Will be unable to bind.

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13
Q

Identify the three types of muscle fibre.

A

Type I = slow
Type IIa = intermediate
Type IIb = fast

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14
Q

Which muscle fibre type is most associated with long duration aerobic activities?

A

Type I

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15
Q

Which muscle fibre type is very anaerobic in nature?

A

Type IIb

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16
Q

Which type of muscle fibre will take on more slow or fast characteristics depending on training stimulus?

A

Type IIa

17
Q

What is the term given for soreness experienced in muscles 1-3 days after exercise?

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

18
Q

Which axis is generally associated with the sagital plane of movement?

A

Medial-lateral axis

19
Q

Which plane of movement is generally associated with the longitudinal axis of movement?

A

Transverse plane

20
Q

List the joint actions and planes of movement available at the shoulder joint.

A

Actions = Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal/external rotation.

Planes = Sagital, frontal and transverse.

21
Q

List the joint actions, planes of movement and axis of movement available at the ankle joint.

A

Actions = Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion.

Planes = Sagital

Axes = Medial-lateral

22
Q

Name the muscles of the rotator cuff.

A

Teres Minor, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis.

23
Q

The shoulder girdle is compromised of what bony structures?

A

Scapulae and clavicles.

24
Q

Name four muscles of the shoulder girdle.

A

1) Rhomboid Major
2) Rhomboid Minor
3) Levator Scapulae
4) Trapezius

25
Q

Describe the attachments and actions of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

A

Runs from the iliac crest to the lumber vertebrae and lower ribs. Helps laterally flex and extend the spine - assist laterally tilting pelvis.

26
Q

With reference to their relative mobility and stability, compare the structure and functions of shoulder/hip joints.

A

Hip Joint = Sacrifices mobility for stability.
Shoulder = Sacrifices stability for mobility, therefore more prone to dislocation.
Both are ball and sockets.

27
Q

Identify the tree bones that form one half of the pelvis

A

Illium, ischium, pubis

28
Q

Identify two types of ligaments associated with the pelvic girdle

A

Sacroiliac, symphysis pubis

29
Q

Which 5 muscles internally rotate the shoulder joint

A

Litissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major, deltiods

30
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint

A

Teres minor, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis

31
Q

Which muscles retract the shoulder girdle?

A

Trapezius, rhomboids and Levator scapulae muscles

32
Q

What are the concentric actions of the periformis muscles?

A

Abduction & external rotation of the hip.

33
Q

What are the muscles that flex the hip joint?

A

The iliacus or psoas and rectus femoris.

34
Q

What are the concentric actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

1) Extension
2) Abduction of the hip
3) External rotation

35
Q

What are the concentric muscles of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

Lateral Flexion and extension of the spine. Laterally tilts the pelvis.

36
Q

Name the 5 hip adductor muscles.

A

1) Adductor Longus
2) Brevis
3) Magnus
4) Pectinius
5) Gracislis

37
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A

1) Bicep femoris
2) Semitendinosus
3) Semimembranosus

38
Q

What are the concentric actions of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Plantarflexion of the ankle and Flexion of the knee.

Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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