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A&P 2 > Exam Four > Flashcards

Exam Four Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Network of organs & vein- like vessels that recover fluid

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2
Q

Lymphatic system functions

A

fluid recovery
immunity
lipid absorption

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3
Q

Lymphatic system components

A

lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissue
lymphatic organs

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4
Q

lymphatic vessels in size order

A 
lymphatic capillaries 
collected vessels 
6 lymphatic trunks 
2 collecting ducts 
subclavian veins
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5
Q

natural killer cell

A

lymphocytes that destroy bacteria, tissue, host cells

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6
Q

T lymphocytes

A

mature in the thymus n depend on thymic hormones

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7
Q

B lymphocytes

A

differentiate into plasma cells, develop in bone marrow

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8
Q

macrophages

A

monocytes
eat things
primary APC

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9
Q

APCs (antigen presenting cells)

A

produce foreign matter & display it to T cell altering the immune system

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10
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membrane, n lymphatic organs

surface defense

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11
Q

reticular cells

A

stationary APCs that contribute to connective tissue framework of lymphatic organs

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12
Q

Primary Lymphatic organs

A

red bone marrow

thymus

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13
Q

Secondary Lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen

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14
Q

Red bone marrow

A

primary
hemopoiesis- blood cells
found in bones/skeleton

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15
Q

thymus

A

primary
matures T cells

member of endocrine, lymphatic and immune system

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16
Q

lymph nodes

A

Secondary
most numerous
filters and cleans lymph
activate T cells

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17
Q

3 sets of tonsils

A

adenoid- back nose
pelatine- back mouth
Lingula- tounge

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18
Q

Spleen

A

biggest lymphatic organ
highly vascular and vulnerable
monitor blood

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19
Q

first line of defense

A

external barriers- skin, mucous membrane, sub epithelial areolar tissue

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20
Q

second line of defense

A

non specific resistance

mechanisms- cells, processes to protect

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21
Q

third line of defense

A

specific immunity, immune system

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22
Q

External barriers

A

skin
mucous membranes
sub epithelial areolar tissue

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23
Q

leukocytes- neutrophils

A

wander thru connective tissue to kill bacteria

2 methods

  1. phagocytosis- random cop one at a time
  2. chemical cloud- killing itself and all bacteria around
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24
Q

leukocytes- eosinophils

A

guard against parasites & allergens found in mucous membranes

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25
Q

leukocytes- basophils

A

helpers

secret 3 chemicals leukotrienes, histamine, heparin

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26
Q

leukocytes- monocytes

A

become macrophages- eat things

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27
Q

interferons

A

alert cells

secreted by cells infected with viruses

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28
Q

complement system

A

group of globulins who contribute to nonspecific resistance and specific immunity

pathway made by liver, destroys pathogens

29
Q

classical pathway

A

requires an antibody
specific

antibody onto antigen

30
Q

alternative pathway

A

nonspecific- doesn’t require antibody

31
Q

lectin pathway

A

non specific- doesn’t require antibody

plasma proteins bind to carbohydrates

32
Q

mechanisms of pathogen

A

inflammation
immune clearance
phagocytes
cytolysis

33
Q

immune surveillance

A

NK cells- bind & release perforins
puncture a hole
shoot in enzyme
kill cell

34
Q

onset stage of fever

A

OSP rises causing shivers to generate heat

temp goes up

35
Q

stadium stage of fever

A

temp stays high until done fighting pathogen

36
Q

defervescence stage of fever

A

temp goes back down to normal

37
Q

inflammation

A

response to injury

38
Q

inflammation purpose

A

limit spread of pathogens
remove debris
repair tissue

39
Q

4 signs of inflammation

A

redness
swelling
heat
pain

40
Q

step 1. mobilization of defense

A

get all cells to infected area

gather the troops

41
Q

step 2. containment & destruction

A

containing cells by blood clot fence nutrophils doing destruction

42
Q

stage 3. Clean up and Repair

A

monocytes turn into macrophages

43
Q

cellular immunity

A

T cells attacking whole cells

44
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells attacking extracellular things

45
Q

natural active immunity

A

production of ones own antibodies or T cells

46
Q

artificial active immunity

A

production of ones own antibodies from vaccinations

47
Q

natural passive immunity

A

temporary immunity from acquiring antibodies made by another person (mom to kid)

48
Q

artificial passive immunity

A

temporary immunity from the injection of an immune serum from another person or animal

49
Q

antigen

A

trigger an immune response

50
Q

epitope

A

reactive part of antigen

51
Q

haptens

A

things that are too small to cause a problem by themselves

52
Q

antibodies

A

what is created to fight off antigens

53
Q

life cycle T cells

A

born in bone marrow

trained n matured in thymus

54
Q

life cycle B cell

A

born in bone marrow

mature in bone marrow n can go wherever

55
Q

Cellular immunity steps

A

recognition
react
remember

56
Q

recognition

A

recognizing something foreign & bind onto it, create attack against it

57
Q

react

A

go out and find foreign things in body

58
Q

remember

A

leave T cells behind as memory to launch attack again

59
Q

T cells in cellular immunity

A

cytotoxin
helper
regulatory
memory

60
Q

cytotoxin (tc cell)

A

effector of cellular immunity

61
Q

helper cells

A

promote the action of TC cells play role in humoral immunity

62
Q

regulatory cells

A

limit the immune response

63
Q

memory cells

A

descend from TC cells

64
Q

humoral immunity steps

A

recognize
react
remember

65
Q

4 methods against antigens

A

neutralization
complement fixation
agglutination
precipitation

66
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

acute allergy
most common
react instantly

67
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

antibody dependent cytotoxin

attack antigens causing destruction of cell

68
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity

A

immune complex
antigen antibody complexes participate beneath the endothelium of the blood vessels

cause tissue destruction

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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