Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards
What is the structure and function of the hip joint?
Type - Ball and socket synovial joint
Ball = Femoral head
Socket = Acetabulum
What movements are performed by the hip joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adductors
- Abductors
- External & internal rotation
What is the blood and nerve supply to the hip joint?
Profunda Femoris artery branches - Medial and Lateral circumflex arteries
Nerve supply - Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve
What is the structure of the knee joint?
Type - Hinge type of synovial joint
Articular surfaces:
1) Femoro-tibial
2) Femoro-patellar
* Fibula NOT involved in knee joint
Joint capsule - Made up of 5 capsular ligaments
Bursae - 12 bursae around knee joint
Collateral ligaments - Tibial collateral ligament, Fibular collateral ligament
Cruciate ligaments - Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate Ligament
What movements are performed by the knee joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
What structures of the knee prevent hyperextension and hyperflexion?
Hyperextension - ACL
Hyperflexion - PCL
What is the anatomical basis of Trendelenburg’s test?
+ve Trendelenburg test = Weakness in hip abductor muscles (gluteus medius and minimus)
What is the function of the menisci and bursae around the knee joint?
Menisci:
- Deepen the articular surface of the tibia
- Act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area of the knee joint
Bursae:
- Reduce wear and tear
What structures help to deepen the acetabulum?
Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum
Transverse acetabular ligament
Which ligaments form the joint capsule of the hip?
Iliofemoral Ligament - Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint
Pubofemoral Ligament - Prevents overabduction of hip joint
Ischiofemoral Ligament - From Ischial part of acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
