Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Biology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscle groups are there?

A

600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of pairs are muscles grouped into?

A

antagonistic pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the meaning of antagonistic pairs?

A

One muscle moves in one direction and the other in another direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part of the muscle is stationary and attached to the bone?

A

Origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the muscle attaches to the bone across a joint

A

Insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are the origins and insertions of muscles?

A

On opposing ends of a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The origin is closer to what area of the body compared to the insertion?

A

the body midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the insertion and origin in contraction?

A

The insertion gets pulled toward the origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Another word for “single muscle” is…

A

Whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Word for muscle bundle

A

Fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Fascicle is surrounded by…

A

Fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An elastic type substance that surrounds and individuates all of the fascicles

A

Fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fascia and fascicles all come together to form….

A

Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Another word for muscle cell

A

muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle cells contain long cylindrical structures called:

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many nuclei do muscle cells have?

A

thousands (multi nucleate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of element is a part of a myofibril?

A

contractile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does it mean when it’s said that muscle is striated?

A

The alternating pattern of dark and light bands on muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The area between the striations on muscle is…

A

the contractile portion of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The unit of contraction of muscles is referred to as a…

A

sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The dark lines that define the borders of a sarcomere are called..

A

Z lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The two types of protein filaments in sarcomeres are called

A

Actin and Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The darker portion of the sarcomere with mostly myosin is called

A

A band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dense protein section of sarcomere with overlapping actin

A

A band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the H zone?

A

the small strop in between where actin extends t where ther is no actin, just myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the M line?

A

defines the centre portion of the sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the lighter portion of the sarcomere with Actin and contacts z line

A

I band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Muscle contraction results from …

A

slight shortening of each sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Activation of skeletal muscle depends on what type of activation?

A

neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name of junction where nervous system communicates with the muscles

A

neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What neurotransmitter do muscles release?

A

ACH (acetylcholine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the neurtransmitter that acts on muscles to start contraction process

A

ACH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Motor neurons release ACh leads to waves of electrical activity, called:

A

depolarization

34
Q

When depolarization spreads deeper into the muscle, what does it travel through?

A

T tubules

35
Q

All electrical activity in muscles has the effect of releasing what from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

calcium

36
Q

The calcium store house in the muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

the presence of calcium being released from muscles causes interaction of…

A

actin and myosin fibres

38
Q

What is the sliding filament mechanism?

A

when actin and myosin slide closer to eachother

39
Q

When are myosin heads attached to the actin?

A

when activated into power stroke

40
Q

What does the power stroke do?

A

pulls myosin toward the centre of the sarcomere

41
Q

The actin have rope-like structures across the surface which have two different names:

A

Troponin and tropomyosin

42
Q

the shape of troponin is

A

discs

43
Q

the shape of tropomyosin is…

A

rope

44
Q

What do troponin and tropomyosin do?

A

They block the myosin heads from binding to the sites on the actin when calcium is not present

45
Q

For muscle relaxation, ATP is needed for…

A

Ca2+ transport into the sacroplasmic reticulum and to bind to myosin to get it to detach from actin

46
Q

The energy require for muscle contraction is required to do what?

A

to reset the process of binding

47
Q

the cycle of contractile process shows what?

A

how energy goes into the system

48
Q

Simple 4 step process of contractile cycle

A
  1. ATP binding on the myosin head to release
  2. Conversion to ADP
  3. Reset of myosin head
  4. Ready for another power stroke
49
Q

Why do dead bodies become rigid?

A

because the organism has stopped making ATP, meaning myosin heads can’t unbind from actin

50
Q

free floating ATP in muscle cells allows for how many seconds of contraction?

A

10 seconds

51
Q

Creatine phosphate allows how many seconds of contraciton?

A

30-40 seconds

52
Q

Creatine phosphase can transfer a phosphate group to …

A

ADP

53
Q

Energy from glucose can produce…

A

ATP

54
Q

Using stored glycogen for muscle energy consumption depends on the presence of what?

A

oxygen

55
Q

The burning sensation from lifting a heavy load is from…

A

the production of lactic acid

56
Q

Long term solution to muscle energy consumption is…

A

aerobic metabolism

57
Q

the delay after activity has ceased where heart rate and breathg remains elevated for a periof of time to replenish all of ATP stores

A

Oxygen debt

58
Q

What is muscle fatigue?

A

not being able to continue intense activity, which is a result of decreased ATP

59
Q

Type of muscle that contracts and breaks down ATP slowly

A

slow twitch

60
Q

Type of muscle that will produce ATP as needed

A

slow twitch

61
Q

type of muscle with a red appearance from many mitochondria

A

slow twitch

62
Q

Slow twitch muscles have a high concentration of…

A

myoglobin

63
Q

the type of muscles that are involved in standing posture

A

slow twitch

64
Q

types of muscles that contract and break down ATP quickly

A

Fast twitch

65
Q

Fast twitch muscles have large amounts of…

A

glycogen and creatine phosphate

66
Q

What types of muscles use more anaerobic forms of metabolism?

A

fast twitch

67
Q

What type of muscles to runners typically have higher amounts of?

A

slow twitch

68
Q

What type of muscles do weight lifters typically have more of?

A

fast twitch

69
Q

Muscle soreness comes from

A

damaged sacromeres that produce inflammation and swelling

70
Q

the type of muscle growth that comes from weight training

A

hypertrophy

71
Q

the type of muscle growth that comes from endurance training

A

hyperplasia

72
Q

hypertrophy increases the size of…

A

muscles

73
Q

hyperplasia increases the number of…

A

cells in muscles

74
Q

Aerobic training increases…

A

blood flow, mitochondria and efficiency of O2 transfer during respiration

75
Q

Muscular dystrophy is the genetic deficit of…

A

dystrophin

76
Q

What is dystrophin important for?

A

the removal of Ca2+

77
Q

Excess Ca2+ in cells can cause…

A

damage and death

78
Q

the life expectancy of people with muscular dystrophy is…

A

~30 years

79
Q

Another word for tetanus disorder

A

lockjaw

80
Q

What is tetanus?

A

a bacterial inflection the causes constant activation of muscles

Human Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions