Effects

Question 1

Testing effect

Answer 1

the finding that long-term memory is increased when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information through testing with proper feedback

Question 2

Ben Franklin effect

Answer 2

A person who has performed a favor for someone is more likely to do another favour for that person than they would be if they had received a favour from that person.

Question 3

Dunning Kruger effect

Answer 3

a cognitive bias in which relatively unskilled persons suffer illusory superiority, mistakenly assessing their ability to be much higher than it really is.

Question 4

Novelty effect

Answer 4

the tendency for an individual to have the strongest stress response the first time that individual is faced with a potentially threatening experience. Over time, as the novelty wears off, the stress response decreases. It

Question 5

Flynn effect

Answer 5

The ‘Flynn effect’ refers to the observed rise over time in standardised intelligence test scores.

Flynns study revealed a 13.8-point increase in IQ scores between 1932 and 1978, amounting to a 0.3-point increase per year, or approximately 3 points per decade. More recently, the Flynn effect was supported by calculations of IQ score gains between 1972 and 2006.

The Flynn effect implies that an individual will likely attain a higher IQ score on an earlier version of a test than on the current version. In fact, a test will overestimate an individuals IQ score by an average of about 0.3 points per year between the year in which the test was normed and the year in which the test was administered.