Chapters 27-29 Flashcards

1
Q

33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. A World War I veteran, he assumed the presidency during the waning months of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. He is known for implementing the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, for the establishment of the ______ Doctrine and NATO against Soviet and Chinese Communism, and for intervening in the Korean War.

A

President Harry S. Truman

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2
Q

those people born worldwide between 1946 and 1964, the time frame most commonly used to define them.

A

Baby Boomers

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3
Q

an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War

A

Truman Doctrine

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4
Q

an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

A

Marshall Plan

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5
Q

an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. Constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

A

NATO

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6
Q

any of the Southern Democrats who seceded from the party in 1948 in opposition to its policy of extending civil rights.

A

Dixiecrats

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7
Q

Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People’s Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party

A

Mao Tse-tung

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8
Q

a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan (Formosa). He was recognized by much of the world as the head of the legitimate government of China until the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was the longest-ruling non-royal leader of China, having ruled for 46 years.

A

Chiang Kai Shek

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9
Q

an amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations (UN).

A

Battle of Inchon

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10
Q

United States citizens who spied for the Soviet Union and were tried, convicted, and executed by the federal government of the United States.

A

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

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11
Q

known for alleging that numerous Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers had infiltrated the United States federal government, universities, film industry, and elsewhere. Ultimately, the smear tactics that he used led him to be censured by the U.S. Senate.

A

Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin

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12
Q

a 1958 book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith that sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post-World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities.

A

“The Affluent Society”

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13
Q

a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans

A

G.I. Bill of Rights

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14
Q

Rock & Roll artists of the 50’s

A

Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Bill Haley & the Comets, Little Richard, Fat’s Domino

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15
Q

an American music-performance show that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989 and was hosted from 1956 until its final season by _______, who also served as producer.

A

American Bandstand with Dick Clark

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16
Q

a media stereotype prevalent throughout the 1950s to mid-1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s. Elements of the _____ trope included pseudo-intellectualism, drug use, and a cartoonish depiction of real-life people along with the spiritual quest of Jack Kerouac’s autobiographical fiction.

A

Beats “Beatnik”

17
Q

Art & Literature of the 50’s

A

Jackson Pollock, J. D. Sallinger, Jack Kerouac

18
Q

an American actress, model, and singer. Famous for playing comic “blonde bombshell” characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era’s attitudes towards sexuality.

A

Marilyn Monroe

19
Q

Baseball legends of the 50’s

A

Mickey Mantle, Duke Snider, Willie Mays

20
Q

On October 29, 1956, Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the ______ after Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) nationalized it in July of that same year, initiating the Suez Crisis

A

Suez Canal

21
Q

_____ was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before its batteries died

A

Sputnik

22
Q

a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Tore down Berlin Wall.

A

Nikita Khruschev

23
Q

Lockheed Corporation originally proposed it in 1953, approval followed 1954, and the first test flight occurred in 1955. It has been flown during the Cold War over the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, and Cuba.

A

U-2 Spy Plane

24
Q

a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

A

Brown v. Board of Education

25
Q

In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee.

A

Election of 1960

26
Q

Kennedy’s Administration commonly referred to as…

A

“Camelot”

27
Q

The term ______ was used by modern liberalism in the United States Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him. The phrase developed into a label for his administration’s domestic and foreign programs.

A

New Frontier

28
Q

a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961

A

Bay of Pigs

29
Q

a quotation of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a speech given on June 26, 1963, in West Berlin. It is widely regarded as the best-known speech of the Cold War and the most famous anti-communist speech.

A

“Ich bin ein Berliner”

30
Q

13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

31
Q

a former Marine and Marxist who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963

A

Lee Harvey Oswald

32
Q

the Dallas, Texas, nightclub owner who fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, while Oswald was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy.

A

Jack Ruby

33
Q

The President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the ______, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through Executive Order 11130 on November 29, 1963

A

Warren Report

34
Q

________ was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.

A

The Great Society

35
Q

held on Tuesday, November 3, _____, incumbent Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Barry Goldwater, the Republican nominee.

A

1964

36
Q

a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

37
Q

one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968, by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People’s Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam

A

Tet Offensive