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SAS scs RUSVM COPY > Lab: Ortho exam, Bone healing > Flashcards

Lab: Ortho exam, Bone healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 common causes of forelimb lameness?

A

Elbow dysplasia

OCD

Fractures

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2
Q

What are the 5 common causes of hindlimb lameness?

A

Hip dysplasia

Pelvic fractures

Other fractures

ACL rupture

Patellar luxation

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3
Q

What disease causes lameness in small breed dogs?

A

Legg Calve Perthese disease

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4
Q

What does CREPI stand for?

A

Crepitus

Range of motion

Effusion or swelling

Pain

Instability

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5
Q

For which joint is the Ortolani sign for?

A

Hip

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6
Q

What is the gold standard daignostic for joint evaluation? For which conditions can it be both diagnostic and therapeutic?

A

Arthroscopy

Cruciate disease and OCD

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7
Q

What is the most important factor for bone healing?

A

Blood supply

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8
Q

How long is the inflammatory stage of indirect bone healing? What forms first at the fracture site? What cell type is abundant at this time?

A

3-4 days

Clot (which releases osteoinductive growth factors to stimulate angiogenesis and bone formation)

Mast cells

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9
Q

During the repair stage of indirect bone healing the clot changes into ____________ by action of __________ cells and ________.

A

During the repair stage of indirect bone healing the clot changes into granulation tissue by action of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts.

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10
Q

How long does the repair stage of indirect bone healing approximately last?

A

2 months

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11
Q

What stage of indirect bone healing lasts the longest?

A

Remodeling stage (70% of total healing time)

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12
Q

Wolfe’s Law governs the remodeling phase of indirect bone healing. Which cells are responsible for compression? Which for tension?

A

Compression: Osteoblasts

Tension: Osteoclasts

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13
Q

You know the drill

A

A: Hematoma

B: Granulation tissue

C: Connective tissue

D: Cancellous (bone)

E: Bone

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14
Q

What is the end result of Haversian remodeling?

A

Haversian remodeling occurs to eliminate the callus

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15
Q

What type of bone healing occurs without callus formation?

A

Direct

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16
Q

Which takes longer, direct or indirect bone healing?

A

Direct

(6-12 months for appropriate mechnical strength)

17
Q

______ healing, a type of direct bone healing, results in lamellar bone oriented in normal axial direction?

A

Contact

18
Q

In _____ healing, a type of direct bone healing, osteoblasts deposit laminar bone in the fracture gap perpendicular to the long axis.

A

Gap

19
Q

Which is more stable if fractured, cancellous or cortical bone?

A

Cancellous

20
Q

T/F: When cancellous bone heals, first the cortical shell closes and then the fracture site bridges over.

A

False, bridging occurs before the union of the cortical shell

21
Q

Zone of hypertrophy or Zone of proliferation?

A fracture of this zone will heal by endochondral ossification

A fracture of this zone will heal by continued growth of physeal cartilage

A

Zone of proliferation will heal by endochondral ossification

Zone of hypertrophy will heal by continued growth of physeal cartilage​

22
Q

What type of implant may result in direct bone healing, but more likely indirect bone healing and hardly disturbs the blood supply?

A

ESF

23
Q

What do you call recruitment of host mesenchymal cells to form new bone or osteogenesis?

A

Osteoinduction

24
Q

What type of bone graft is the gold standard?

A

Cancellous bone autogenous graft

25
Q

What can you do to increase the volume of a cancellous bone allograph graft?

A

Can mix it with an autograft

26
Q

From which bones can you harvet a cortical bone autograph?

A

Ribs

Ulna

Fibula

Ilial wing

27
Q

What does the term “Creeping substitution” mean?

A

When a cortical bone graft establishes itself osteoclasts move in and resorb bone followed by osteoblasts which lay down new bone

(this maintains the mechanical strength of the graft)

28
Q

What type of graft provides immediate mecnical support, promotes osteogenesis, is osteoinductive and is an autogenous graft?

A

Cortical-Cancellous bone graft

SAS scs RUSVM COPY (24 decks)

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