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pathophysiology > dna and biochemistry quiz 1 > Flashcards

dna and biochemistry quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does dna stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

what is the dna

A

the genetic material and the instructions for making proteins

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3
Q

what is the central dogma of biology

A

transcription and translation

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4
Q

what is transcription

A

DNA can be used to make RNA

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5
Q

what is translation

A

RNA can be used to make proteins

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6
Q

how does DNA unwind

A

with DNA helicase

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7
Q

what happens DNA unwinds

A

RNA polymerase attaches to one side and makes a complementary strand of mRNA

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8
Q

what is mRNA

A

messenger RNA 1`

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9
Q

is the entire strand of DNA turned into mRNA

A

NO

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10
Q

what is transcribed in trnascription

A

small regions (genes)

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11
Q

genes account for how much of chromosomal DNA `

A

1 to 2 percent

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12
Q

where is DNA found in eukaryotes

A

in the nucleus `

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13
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

make proteins

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14
Q

where is ribosomes found

A

in rough ER or cytosol

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15
Q

what does mRNA do after being made in the nucleus

A

exits to the cytoplasm to find a ribosome to be translated

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16
Q

translation is which process

A

where ribosomes turn mRNA into proteins

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17
Q

when are condons turned into amino acids

A

translation

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18
Q

average lifespan of mRNA before it degrades

A

3 to 8 minutes

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19
Q

DNA expected lifespan

A

521 years

20
Q

4 nitrogenous bases of DNA `

A

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

21
Q

the order of bases in DNA determine what

A

which protein will b formed

22
Q

how many base pairs are in the genome

A

3 billion

23
Q

what is a codon

A

each 3 letter chunk of the genetic code

24
Q

each codon codes for what

A

a specific amino acid

25
Q

the order of codons determines what

A

the order of amino acids

26
Q

sometimes on a chart …

A

T turns into U `

27
Q

what are amino acids

A

20 similar looking molecules that have an N side and C side

28
Q

what is an R chain

A

what makes each amino acid unique

29
Q

what is a protein

A

long strings of amino acid

30
Q

median length of proteins in humans

A

350 amino acids

31
Q

median length of proteins in humans

A

476 amino acids

32
Q

how do proteins make their shape

A

fold according to predictable patterns

33
Q

how to proteins attach

A

the C side o the previous amino acid will combine with the N side of the next amino acid

34
Q

the chemical bond between the C side and N side of amino acids ,,,,

A

hold them together, called peptide bonds

35
Q

another name for proteins

A

polypeptides

36
Q

amino acid R chains can be

A

nonpolar or polar

37
Q

water is

A

POLAR

38
Q

water n amino acids

A

polar amino acids are attracted by water, nonpolar ones are repelled

39
Q

nonpolar other name

A

hydrophobic

40
Q

polar other name

A

hydrophyllic

41
Q

_____ attract each other and form ____

A

cysteine residues attract each other and form disulfide bridges

42
Q

amino acid R chains can also be

A

positively or negatively charged

43
Q

postive amino acids

A

are basic and attract negative (acidic) amino acids

44
Q

som cases where a mutation will have no change on a protein

A

when the codon is different but codes for the same amino acid.. so it the same protein

45
Q

case where a mutation has a small change on a protein

A

the codon is different and codes for a different amino acid, but it is still polar/non polar ( like the original)

46
Q

case where a mutation has a large change on a protein

A

the codon is different, codes for a different amino acid. the charge (polar/nonpolar ) is different

pathophysiology (24 decks)

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