7.1-7.4 Quiz

Question 1

Cytoplasm?

Answer 1

The semifluid material environment enclosed by the plasma membrane

Question 2

Where do chemical reactions take place in the prokaryotic cell vs the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

• Prokaryotic: Directly in the cytoplasm

- Eukaryotic: Within organelles in the cytoplasm

Question 3

Cytoskeleton? Function?

Answer 3

A supporting network of long, thin PROTEIN fibers that form a FRAMEWORK for the cell and provide an ANCHOR for the ORGANELLES

Question 4

Microtubules?

Answer 4

Long, hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid SKELETON for the cell and assist in MOVING SUBSTANCES within the cell.

Question 5

Microfilaments?

Answer 5

Thin protein threads that help give the cell SHAPE and enable the part or the entire cell MOVE.

Question 6

Where are microtubules located?

Answer 6

In the cytoskeleton.

Question 7

Nucleus function?

Answer 7

Contains most of the cell’s DNA, which stores information used to make proteins that determine a cell’s growth, function, and reproduction

Question 8

What is the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 8

• Nuclear envelope

Question 9

Ribosomes function?

Answer 9

Manufacture proteins

Question 10

Are ribosomes membrane-bound?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 11

Inside the nucleolus inside the nucleus

Question 12

What does ER stand for?

Answer 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

ER?

Answer 13

Membrane SYSTEM of FOLDED sacs and interconnected channels

Question 14

ER function?

Answer 14

Serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 15

Two types of ER?

Answer 15

Two types: rough (protein) and smooth (hormones & lipids)

Question 16

Golgi apparatus? Function?

Answer 16

A FLATTENED stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages PROTEINS

Question 17

Vesicle function?

Answer 17

The SAC in which PROTEINS are packaged to be fused into the plasma membrane and RELEASED into the environment

Question 18

Vacuole? Function?

Answer 18

A membrane-bound sac is used for temporary storage.

Vacuoles store food, enzymes, or waste.

Question 19

Which type of cell is a vacuole more commonly found?

Answer 19

Plant cells

Question 20

Lysosomes? Function?

Answer 20

Lysosomes are VESICLES that contain SUBSTANCES that digest EXCESS or worn-out organelles and food particles.
Lysosomes also DIGEST bacteria or viruses that INVADE the cell.

Question 21

Centrioles?

Answer 21

Organelles made of groups of MICROTUBULES that function during CELL DIVISION.

Question 22

Where are centrioles located?

Answer 22

in the cytoplasm near the nucleus

Question 23

Mitochondria function?

Answer 23

Convert fuel particles into usable energy (ATP).

Cellular respiration

Question 24

Why is the inner membrane of a mitochondria so highly folded?

Answer 24

Increases surface area -> increases diffusion rate -> easier to break down big sugar molecules

Question 25

Chloroplasts function?

Answer 25

Capture light and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

Question 26

Can chloroplasts be found in animal cells?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What are the small disks inside chloroplasts called?

Answer 27

Thylakoid

Question 28

What light capturing pigment is responsible for the green in plants?

Answer 28

Chlorophyll

Question 29

Where is the cell wall located?

Answer 29

Outside the plasma membrane

Question 30

What is the cell wall made up of?

Answer 30

A carbohydrate called cellulose

Question 31

Cilia vs Flagella?

Answer 31

- Cilia are short hairy projections that move like oars in a rowboat - Flagella are less numerous and longer. They move in a whip-like motion. - Both are made up of mircotubules

Question 32

What features do plant cells have that animal cells generally do not?

Answer 32

- Chloroplast/chlorophyll - Vacuoles - Cell wall

Question 33

Protein synthesis?

Answer 33

- Begins in the NUCLEUS with information contained in DNA - RNA and RIBOSOMES leave the nucleus and produce a PROTEIN on the endoplasmic reticulum. - Proteins produced in the ER are sent to the Golgi apparatus for PACKAGING. - Packaged proteins are delivered to OTHER ORGANELLES where they serve a variety of functions.

Question 34

Are transport proteins part of active or passive transport?

Answer 34

Both. Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins and active transport uses pumps or carrier proteins.

Question 35

What do the Na+/K+ ATPase pumps do?

Answer 35

Maintain levels of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels inside and outside of the cell.

Question 36

Process of Active Transport: Na+/K+ ATPase pumps?

Answer 36

Sodium ions and ATP are attached to the carrier protein from inside the membrane. The breakdown of ATP -> ADP allows Na+ to be released and changes the shape of the protein. Potassium ions bind onto the protein on the exposed site causing the release of phosphate. The release causes the protein to change shape and allow the K+ ions in. Process repeats itself.

Question 37

How are sugar molecules moved in?

Answer 37

Sugars can pair with Na+ ions and enter the cell through a membrane protein called a coupled channel.

Question 38

Three types of proteins?

Answer 38

Receptors, support, transport

Question 39

Cholesterol function?

Answer 39

Keep fatty acid tails from sticking together.

Question 40

Carbohydrate functions?

Answer 40

define the cell’s characteristics & help cells identify chemical signals

Question 41

Origin of cell diversity?

Answer 41

Cells developed specific functions which led to diversity.

Question 42

Endosymbiont theory?

Answer 42

symbiotic relationship formed between two prokaryotic cells, one of which lived inside the other

Question 43

statements about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump

Answer 43

- The pump maintains the level of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell. - The pump uses the energy to transport three sodium ions out of the cell while moving two potassium ions into the cell.

Question 44

Functions of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Answer 44

- When found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, proteins called receptors transmit signals to the inside of the cell. - Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane anchor the plasma membrane to the cell’s internal support structure, giving the cell its shape. - Proteins span the entire membrane and create tunnels through which certain substances enter and leave the cell.