7.1 Inheritance

Question 1

Define homologous pair of chromosomes:

Answer 1

Pair of chromosomes that have the same genes, but could have different alleles

Question 2

Define homozygous:

Answer 2

Two genes of the same alleles

Question 3

Define heterozygous:

Answer 3

Having 2 different alleles for a particular gene

Question 4

Define haploid:

Answer 4

A cell with one member of each pair of the chromosome

Question 5

Define diploid:

Answer 5

Cells with pairs of chromosome

Question 6

Define genotype:

Answer 6

The combination of alleles a particular organism has

Question 7

Define phenotype:

Answer 7

The physical characteristic that organisms have because of their genotype

Question 8

Define dominant:

Answer 8

The allele that is always expressed even if one copy is present

Question 9

Define recessive:

Answer 9

The allele is only expressed in a homozygous individual

Question 10

Define monogenic inheritance:

Answer 10

Inheritance of characteristic controlled by a single gene

Question 11

Define co-dominant:

Answer 11

Alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygous individual

Question 12

What is the F1 generation

Answer 12

A cross between two pure breeding individuals

Question 13

What is the F2 generation:

Answer 13

3:1

Question 14

What is the chi-squared test used for?

Answer 14

To find out if the difference between observed categorical data and the expected data is significant

Question 15

What is the chi-squared formula?

Answer 15

x^2 = sum of (O-E)^2/E

Question 16

What are sex-linked characteristics?

Answer 16

Characteristics determined by genes found on the sex chromosomes - usually the X chromosome

Question 17

What are sex-linked characteristics?

Answer 17

Characteristics determined by genes found on the sex chromosomes - usually the X chromosome

Question 18

What does the Y chromosome carry?

Answer 18

Carries genes involved in male gender development (it’s very small)

Question 19

What does the X chromosome carry?

Answer 19

Large and carries many essential genes that are unrelated to gender

Question 19

What does the X chromosome carry?

Answer 19

Large and carries many essential genes that are unrelated to gender

Question 20

What chromosome causes sex linked characteristics?

Answer 20

X

Question 21

What chromosome causes sex linked characteristics?

Answer 21

X

Question 22

What is dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 22

Looking at the pattern of inheritance of two different characteristics, controlled by different genes, located on different chromosomes

Question 22

What is dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 22

Looking at the pattern of inheritance of two different characteristics, controlled by different genes, located on different chromosomes

Question 23

When does epistasis occur?

Answer 23

When one allele masks or alters the expression of another

Question 24

Define autosomal linkage:

Answer 24

Two genes that occur on the same chromosome are said to be linked - non-sex chromosomes

Question 25

Why is the frequency of recombinant phenotypes within a population lower than non-recombinant phenotypes?

Answer 25

This is because crossing over is a random process and chiasmata do not form at the same locations with every meiotic division

Question 26

What is the relative frequency of recombinant phenotypes will be dependent on the distance between linked genes?

Answer 26

This is because crossing over is a random process and chiasmata do not form at the same locations with every meiotic division