Health Promotion And Screening Flashcards
What is health promotion?
Efforts to target, improve and maintain the health of the population. Recently that is helping people to maintain their own health.
What are the 5 approaches of health promotion?
Medical e.g. using statins for cvs diseases or vaccination
Behaviour e.g. smoking and drinking
Education e.g. teaching about healthy eating in schools
Empowerment e.g. enabling access to smoking cessation services
Social change e.g. smoking ban or sugar tax
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What is primary prevention?
Preventing the onset of a disease or injury
Using vaccinations, preventing exposure and campaigns about how diseases are spread
What is secondary prevention?
Early treatment of the disease in order to prevent complications further on- or preventing getting the full blown disease
Examples of secondary prevention
Screening programmes, testing blood pressure levels
What is tertiary prevention?
Minimising the effects of an established disease to help prevent mortality and reduce mobility
Examples of tertiary prevention
Renal transplants or steroids for asthma
Examples of programmes we do not have screening for
Cervical cancer for the under 25s and prostrate cancer
Problems with screening
Turns people into patients
People may get a false negative and may ignore symptoms of the disease for longer
People who have false positives may have to undergo invasive procedures or even treatments
What measures test validity?
Specificity
Sensitivity
Positive predictive value
Negative predictive value
What is the test screening criteria?
Condition Test Intervention Evidence Benefit gained Also- opportunity cost Implementation
