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Comp Exam > 711 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Def: Kinematics

A

the study of movement related to displacement, v, and a

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2
Q

Def: kinetics

A

the study of movement related to forces

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3
Q

Types of Forces:

A

Gravity - vertically down
Shear - coplanar, opposite
Tensile - colinear, opposite
Compressive - colinear, same

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4
Q

Newton’s Laws

A

1) Inertia
2) Acceleration
3) Action/Reaction

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5
Q

Def: Moment/Torque

A

the application of force at a distance from the point of pivot that cause rotation around a stationary point
force x distance

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6
Q

Levers

A

First Class - fulcrum in center
Second Class - load in center
Third class - Effort in center

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7
Q

Connective tissue function

A

connect, protect, support

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8
Q

Viscoelastic material properties of conn tiss

A

time dependent - longer load, greater deform
rate dependent - better quickly resisted
hysteresis/elastic

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9
Q

function of corticoal/compact bone

A

resists torsion and bending

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10
Q

function of cancellous/spongy bone

A

metabolic activity, highly vascular

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11
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress

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12
Q

stim for bone

A

loading along axis of bone

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13
Q

stim for cartilage

A

compression/decompression

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14
Q

stim for lig/ten

A

tensile stress in line of fiber orientation

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15
Q

Type I mus fibers

A 
slow, oxidative
one joint
arthrokin
first to atrophy
prone to weakness
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16
Q

type IIa mus fibers

A

fast oxidative glycolitic

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17
Q

type IIb fibers

A 
fast glycolitic
2 joint
osteokin
prone to tightness
dominate
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18
Q

size principle in muscle fibers

A

I > IIa > IIb in regards to what is used first

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19
Q

when is a greater force produced in concentric contraction

A

slow

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20
Q

when is greater force achieved in eccentric contraction

A

fast

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21
Q

what length is optimal for muscles force production to be max? why?

A

120%

max cross-bridge interactions

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22
Q

active insufficiency

A

concentric

the inability of a 2 joint mus to perform a concentric contraction over one joint when it is shortened over another

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23
Q

passive insufficiency

A

eccentric

the inability of a 2 joint mus to lengthen over one joint when it is already lengthened over another

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24
Q

quad body weight ratio

A

males 100% @ 60deg / sec

females 80% @ 60deg / sec

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25
ham body weight ratio
70% at 60deg / sec
26
Synarthrosis Joint
Non-synovial allows for slight to no movement fibrous and cartilaginous
27
Diathrodial Joints
Synovial allows for mod to extensive movement uniaxial, bi, and tri/multi
28
Types of uniaxial joints
hinge, pivot
29
types of biaxial joints
saddle, condyloid
30
types of tri/multiaxial joints
plane, spheroidal
31
hip arthro
opposite
32
Lower extremity pronation hip
shortens limb: | hip IR and flex
33
Lower extremity supination hip
lengthens limb: hip ER and ext
34
normal angle of inclination
125deg
35
coxa valgum angle
>125
36
coxa valgum effects
less mechanical advantage decreased hip stability increase risk of dislocation and OA
37
coxa varum angle
38
coxa varum effects
longer moment arm for the hip (decreased joint reaction forces) greater risk for fx
39
normal angle of torsion
8-15
40
excessive anteversion
>15
41
retroversion
tibia is ER'ing
42
CAM impingement
caused by femoral neck
43
Pincer impingment
caused by shape of acetabulum
44
Anterior tilt effect on hip and back
Hip: flexion | Lumbar spine: extension
45
Posterior tilt effect on hip and back
Hip: extension | Lumbar spine: flexion
46
why use cane on contralateral side?
substantially less total joint force compared to ips side
47
LE Closed Chain Pronation
``` Femoral: IR Knee: flexion Tibia: IR Talus: PF and add Calc: eversion *shortens limb ```
48
LE Closed Chain Supination
``` Femur: ER Knee: ext tibia: ER Talus: DF and abd calc: inversion ```
49
Screw-Home Mechanism
Open Chain: 10 deg of ER of tibia in last 30deg ext | Closed: 10deg of IR of femur in last 30deg ext
50
what is the screw home mechanism driven by?
shape of medial femoral condyle passive tension of ACL lateral pull of quads
51
MCL fxn
resists valgus and extension forces | clip injury
52
LCL fxn
resists varus and extension forces
53
ACL fxn
stability--extension mainly proprioception arthrokinematics OC: prevents ant translation of tibia on femur CC: prevents post translation of femur on tibia
54
PCL fxn
arthro resists flexion OC: prevents post translation of tibia on femur CC: prevents ant translation of femur on tibia
55
Meniscus fxn
stability, shock absorption, lubricate, guide arthro
56
Medial men
c-shaped | more attached
57
Lateral men
o-shaped
58
ankle fxns
stability - base of support, rigid lever for push off | flexibility - adapt to terrain, shock absorption
59
Ankle Supination
stability: rigid lever for pushoff
60
Ankle Pronation
flexibility: shock absorption
61
Windlass mechanism
extension of great toe causes tightening of plantar aponeuroiss (makes stable)
62
4 Points of Normalcy
1. Tibia is verticle 2. Calcaneus is in line with tibia 3. metatarsals are in a plane perpendicular with calcaneus 4. metatarsals are in the same plane
63
Forefoot Varus Open Chain
``` forefoot inverted (plane of metatarsals is more dorsal on medial side) STJ neutral and Calv vertical ```
64
Forefoot varus closed chain
forefoot flat STJ pronated Calc everted *pronated too long
65
rearfoot varus open chain
forefoot inverted STJ neutral calc inverted
66
rearfoot varus closed chain
forefoot flat STJ pronated Calc verticle *pronates too much
67
forefoot valgus open chain
forefoot everted (metatarsals more dorsal on lateral side) stj neut calc verticle
68
forefoot valgus closed chain
forefoot flat stj: supinated calc: inverted * supinates too soon
69
most common ankle sprain
inversion, pf, rotation Grade I: ant talofib, tibiofib Grade II: + calcaneofib Grade III: + post talofib
70
Acute Phase of Healing
Inflammatory: red, swollen, warm, painful 3-7/10 days pain at rest and with motion wbc coagulation
71
acute phase goals
rest, relieve, protect
72
subacute phase
``` migratory and proliferative phase 10days - 6weeks pain with motion limited ROM capillary growth, granulation tissue formation, fibroblast proliferation increased macrophage activity ```
73
subacute goals
optimal stim, protect, gain motion
74
chronic phase
remodeling/maturation 6weeks-1year+ scar tissue formation/tensile strength pain maybe after activity
75
chronic goals
increase tissue stress full motion strengthen return to pain-free function
76
muscles of hip flexion
iliopsoas, rect fem, sart, TFL, pect, adductors, ant glut med
77
motions for sartorius
hip flexion, abduction, ER
78
muscles of hip extension
glut max and hams
79
how do you isolate glut max in MMT of hip ext?
bend knee to active insufficiency rect fem
80
hip er's
gogo's, glut max

Comp Exam (5 decks)

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