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Parasitology > Enoplids + Acanthocephalans > Flashcards

Enoplids + Acanthocephalans Flashcards

1
Q

Enoplids LC?

A

Most direct +/- transport host

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2
Q

Spiculesin male

A

single (ensheathed) or no spicule in Tricjinella

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3
Q

Female reproduction

A

oviparous (thick-shelled, lemon-shaped egg; bipolar plugs) or viviparous L1 = infective stage

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4
Q

Trichinellosis features

A
  • Meat borne zoonosis (public health significance) - major economic impact - at least 12 species adapted for different environments
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5
Q

Features of encapsulated Trichinella sp

A
  • Mammals only. - L1 surrounded by collagen capsule or ‘nurse cell’ within muscle tissue
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6
Q

Features of Non- encapsulated Trichinella sp

A
  • Mammals, birds, reptiles, marsupials - L1 ‘free’ in muscle tissue
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7
Q

Lifecycle of Trichinella

A

Direct predator prey relationship

L1 in muscle tissue

Mating adults are only in intestines for a short period of time (2 weeks and then die)

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8
Q

What group of Trichinella?

A

Non-encapsulated

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9
Q

What group of Trichinella?

A

Encapsulated

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10
Q

When would a person get Trichinellosis?

A

Eatining raw/undercooked meat

Domestic pork- T. spiralis

Hunted game meat- Feral pig, cougar, bear, crocodile, walrus etc

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11
Q

Trichinellosis clinical signs

A
  • animals = none
  • severity depends on dose ingested

Per-acute (intestinal phase)

  • Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever

Acute

  • Eosinophilia (elevated CK), Myalgia, fever, vasculitis +/- cardiac/neurological complications -> death
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12
Q

Treating Trichinellosis

A

Corticosteroids and albendazole to kill L1

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Trichinellosis

A

Serology

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14
Q

Risk factors for Trichinellosis

A

POVERTY

  • Can’t afford to feed pigs -> allow roaming and scavaging
  • Backyard slaughtering
  • Lack of meat inspection
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15
Q

Trichinellosis prevention and control

A
  • Proper animal husbandry practices (don’t allow scavenging pigs)
  • Meat preparation (cook over 770C, can’t microwave, salting or smoking also inefective
  • Meat inspection and Certification

Freezing (-200 for 2 weeks kill T. spiralis, T. nativa survives -20 for 6 months as its adapted to polar bears)

Testing: Artificial Digestion Methods (HCl and pepsin)

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16
Q

Trichuris generic name

A

Whipworm

17
Q

How Trichuris feeds?

A

Bury stichosome deep into mucosa, digests tissue and ingests fluid

18
Q

Trichuris egg features

A

Take 3 weeks to embryonate

Eggs highly resistance (4-5 years in environment)

19
Q

Trichuris pathogenicity and clinical signs

A

Heavy infection -> congestion, submucosal oedema, epithelial desquamation, necrosis, fibrosis (mass)

  • Lond PPP - 10-12 weeks (not likely in puppy)
  • Tenesmus (strain)
  • rectal prolapse
  • Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia = “Pseuo Addisons” in dogs
20
Q

What is the cause of this?

A

Trichuris suis

21
Q

Diagnosis of trichuris

A

Eggs are heavy - SG >= to 1.20

22
Q

Treatment of Trichuris

A

Oxantel

MLs (not selamectin)

BZs eg fenbendazole, albendazole (3 days), febantel (pro-BZ in combo) single dose

23
Q

Common name of capillaria?

A

hairworms

24
Q

Poultry capillaria sp?

A

C. annulata (crop)

C. contortus (crop)

C. caudinflata (SI)

C. obstrugnata(SI)

25
Q

Pathogenesis of Capillaria of poultry

A

Light infections

  • Poor weight gain, lowered egg production

Heavy infections

  • Catarrhal thickening, diphtheritic inflammation of oesophagus and crop

Catarrhal, haemorrhagic enteritis

High mortanily

26
Q

Treatment of capillaria of poultry

A

Ivermecetin

BZs (fenbendazole)

levamisole

27
Q

Phylum Acanthocephala common name

A

thorny headed worms

28
Q

Features of acanthocephalans

A

Dioecious

cylindrical

large

proboscis with hooks/spines

no digestivee tract

29
Q

Lifecycle of acanthocephalans

A
30
Q

Identify this worm

A

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (pig)

31
Q

Identify this worm?

A

Oncicola (dog&cat SI)

Parasitology (30 decks)

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