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Spinal > Exam 2: Lumbar > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

Generic shape of typical lumbar vertebral body from cranial view

A

Reniform

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2
Q

What accounts for direction of lumbar curve

A

Vertebral body and intervertebral disc

Greater A than P height

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3
Q

What is direction of normal lumbar curve

A

Anterior (lordotic)

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4
Q

Effect of aging on vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae

A

Decrease in height, increase in circumference

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5
Q

How many synovial joints surfaces present on typical lumbar vertebral body

A

None

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6
Q

How many joint surfaces present on vertebral body of typical lumbar

A

6

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7
Q

How many cartilaginous symphysis joint surfaces are on typical lumbar

A

2

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8
Q

How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces on typical lumbar vertebral body

A

4

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9
Q

Joint classifications observed at vertebral body of typical lumbar

A

Cartilaginous symphysis

Fibrous syndesmosis

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10
Q

What muscles attach to typical lumbar vertebral body

A

Psoas major and psoas minor

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11
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to vertebral body of which segments

A

T12, L1

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12
Q

Name given to ligaments that attach vertebral body to articular process

A

Transforaminal ligaments

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13
Q

Types of transforaminal ligements

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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14
Q

What ligaments attach vertebral body to transverse process

A

Corporotransverse ligements

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15
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified

A

Superior and inferior

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16
Q

Types of Hofmann ligaments

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Proximal root sleeve

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17
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along vertebral column

A

Cervical — upper thoracic

Lumbar

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18
Q

Cervical — upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to segments above

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19
Q

Highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments

A

C6

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20
Q

Proposed function of cervical — upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist caudal movement of dural sac

Resist gravitational forces on dura and cord

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21
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to lower segmental levels

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22
Q

Proposed function of lumbar Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist cranial movement of dural sac during flexion

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23
Q

Proposed function of proximal root sleeve ligament

A

Resist displacement of peripheral nerve system in IVF

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24
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate spinal tap in this region

A

Overlap of lamina (shingling) and overlap of spinous processes (imbrication) diminish

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25
Q

What part of central nerve system is present in lumbar spine

A

Conus medullaris typically present in vertebral foramen of L1

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26
Q

Part of peripheral nerve system present in lumbar spine

A

Cauda equina typically present in vertebral foramina of L2-L4

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27
Q

Generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process

A

Each is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-3; L4 starts to decrease in length

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28
Q

Name of elevation near origin of lumbar transverse process

A

Accessory process

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29
Q

Congenital elongation of lumbar accessory process results in what feature

A

Styloid process

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30
Q

Congenital elongation of lumbar accessory process occurs with what frequency

A

7%

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31
Q

What bony part of cervical transverse process is lacking at lumbar transverse process

A

Costotransverse bar

32
Q

What ligaments will attach to lumbar accessory process

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

33
Q

What parts of vertebra are attached via mammillo-accessory ligament

A

Mammillary process and accessory process of SAME segment

34
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by mammillo-accessory ligament

A

Medial branch of dorsal ramus of lumbar spinal nerve

35
Q

What muscles attach to lumbar accessory process

A

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

36
Q

Ligament attaches 12th rib to transverse process of L1

A

Lumbocostal ligament

37
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle group attaches to typical lumbar transverse process

A

Rotators

38
Q

Ligaments attach to transverse process of typical lumbar vertebra

A

Lumbocostal
Mammillo-accessory
Intertransverse

39
Q

Posterior elements of the vertebra

A

Zygapophysis
Lamina
Spinous process

40
Q

Anterior elements of the vertebra

A

Vertebral body and pedicle

41
Q

Orientation of typical lumbar superior articular facet

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Typically concave

42
Q

Orientation of typical lumbar inferior articular facet

A

Forward, lateral downward (FoLD)

Convex

43
Q

Name given to projection on lumbar superior articular process

A

Mammillary process

44
Q

Muscles attach to mammillary process

A

Multifidis and intertransversarii

45
Q

Ligament attaches to lumbar mammillary process and accessory process

A

Mammillo-accessory lig

46
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by mammillo-accessory lig

A

Medial branch of dorsal ramus of lumbar spinal nerve

47
Q

Additional ligaments said to attach to lumbar articular processes

A

Transforaminal ligs

48
Q

How many synovial joints present on typical lumbar

A

4

49
Q

Position of lumbar zygapophysis in children

A

Coronal plane

50
Q

Position of lumbar zygapophysis in adults

A

L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4 in sagittal plane

L4/L5, L5/S1 in coronal plane

51
Q

Names given to condition where one zygapophysis of a couple lies in coronal plane and other in sagittal plane

A

Joint asymmetry or joint tropism

52
Q

Names of condition in which typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to aging

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

53
Q

Baastrup’s syndrome

A

Elongation of lumbar spinous process

Result of aging

54
Q

Appearance of 5th lumbar vertebral body from lateral view

A

Anterior height greater than posterior height (several mm)

Appears to form a wedge

55
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces present at 5th lumbar vertebral body

A

None

56
Q

How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces present on L5 vertebral body

A

4

57
Q

How many joint surfaces present on vertebral body of 5th lumbar

A

6

58
Q

How many cartilaginous symphysis joint surfaces present on body of L5

A

2

59
Q

Joint classifications observed on body of L5

A

Cartilaginous symphysis

Fibrous syndesmosis

60
Q

Muscle attach to 5th lumbar body

A

Psoas major

61
Q

Name given to ligs that attach body to articular process

A

Transforaminal ligaments

62
Q

Ligaments attach the body to transverse process

A

Corporotransverse ligaments

63
Q

Types of Hofmann ligaments

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Proximal root

64
Q

Characteristic of L1-4 pedicle used to differentiate it from L5

A

Lateral surface of pedicle is apparent on L1-4

L5= transverse originates from body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle junction

65
Q

What accounts for shortness of L5 transverse process

A

Hip/innominate bones diminish the available space

66
Q

Muscles that attach to 5th lumbar accessory process

A

Longissimus thoracic

67
Q

Ligaments attach to transverse process of 5th lumbar

A

Lumbosacral
Iliolumbar
Mammillo-accessory

68
Q

Reported angulation and X-ray appearance of 5th lumbar articular facets

A

Vertical plane, coronal facets

69
Q

Orientation of 5th lumbar superior articular facet

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Concave

70
Q

Orientation of 5th lumbar inferior articular facet

A

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Convex

71
Q

Muscles attach to mammillary process of L5

A

Multifidis and intertransversarii

72
Q

Names of condition in which L5 spinous process increases in length due to aging

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

73
Q

Name given to congenital condition in which L5 spinous process is elongated, sacrum exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain

A

Knife clasp syndrome

74
Q

Synovial joints of each lumbar

A

4 each

75
Q

Joints observes at each lumbar body

A

6 each

76
Q

Superior articular facet orientation at each lumbar

A

BUM

77
Q

Inferior articular facet orientation at each lumbar

A

FoLD

Spinal (27 decks)

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