Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EOM Test 3 > Cancer Bio I > Flashcards

Cancer Bio I Flashcards

1
Q

What are benign tumors?

A

Grow locally without invasion

Slow growth

good differentiation

No metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are malignant tumors?

A

Invade

Grow fast

Atypical, poor differentiation

Metastasizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

Benign epithelial neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Lipoma?

A

Benign mesenchymal neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are types of Malignant tumors?

A

Carcinoma - malignant epithelial neoplasm

Sarcoma - malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

Lymphoma/Leukemia - malignant neoplasm of lymphoid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are tumors classified?

A

According to biologic behavior and histogenesis or cellular features.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

General term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue

Results in enlargement of an organ or in a benign tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Metaplasia?

A

An adaptive substitution of one type of adult tissue to another type of adult tissue

Under stress, a more vulnerable type of tissue will be replaced by another more capable of withstanding the stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

An abnormality in cell size, appearance, with or without a disorganized growth pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

A disease of cells characterized by alteration of normal growth regulatory mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is desmoplasia?

A

The formation and proliferation of connective tissue in response to neoplastic growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of tumors do cells that serve protective function give rise to?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of tumors do cells that secrete substances give rise to?

A

Adenocarcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the majority of human tumors arise?

A

Epithelial tissues

Accounts for 80% of cancer deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes cancer?

A

Changes in gene expression due to insults to the genome of a cell usually over an extended period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors influence individual susceptibility to carcinogenesis?

A

Age

Hereditary variation in enzymes that either activate or inactivate potential carcinogens

Variations in the efficiency of DNA repair

Gender

Nutrition

17
Q

What types of tumors are caused by viruses?

A

Liver cancer - Hepatitis B and C

Cervical carcinoma - Papillomaviruses

Brain tumors

Mesothelioma

18
Q

What are Simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyomavirus?

A

Cancer causing viruses that are used as models

19
Q

How does SV40 cause cancer?

A

In nonpermissive cells, the early region of the SV40 genome contains proteins that stimulate host cell gene expression and DNA synthesis

20
Q

What are papillomaviruses?

A

Small DNA viruses that can cause benign tumors while others cause malignant carcinomas, particularly cervical and anogenital cancers

21
Q

What genes does cell transformation result from from human DNA viruses?

A

Expression of two early-region genes, E6 and E7.

22
Q

What are adenoviruses and by what mechanism do they cause transformation?

A

Large family of DNA viruses no associated with cancer

Can induce transformation in nonpermissive cells

E1A binds Rb protein, E1B binds p53

23
Q

What are Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Viruses that can cause human cancers

24
Q

What is Human T-cell lymnphotropic virus (HTLV-1)?

A

Causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia

25
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Aimed at reducing cancer incidence by avoiding the exposure of individuals to known carcinogens

26
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Aimed at the early diagnosis of preneoplastic, preinvasive lesions, or early stage cancer in general

27
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Aimed at reducing the incidence of recurrence or metastasis

E.g. chemotherapy

28
Q

What are some symptoms of cancer?

A

Ulceration and sores that don’t heal

Unexplained weight loss

Unusual bleeding

Presence of a lump in the absence of a primary tumor

29
Q

What is tumor initiation?

A

Genetic alterations leading to abnormal proliferation

30
Q

What are tumor promoters?

A

Chemicals that are not carcinogenic on their own but enhance oncogenesis through stimulation of cell proliferation

31
Q

What are the six properties of cancer cells?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation

Limitless replicateive potential

Insensitivity to antigrowth signals

Evasion of apoptosis

Angiogenesis

Tissue invasion and metastasis

32
Q

How does cancer cell immortalization occur?

A

Overexpression of telomerase

33
Q

Why do cancer cells promote angiogenesis?

A

Angiogenesis is required as tumor size increases beyond 2mm because they need a supply of nutrients

EOM Test 3 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions