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Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its part

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2
Q

Describe the process of sciences

A

Hypothesis- idea or principle to be tested in experiments

Experiment- series of test of a hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences

Theory- hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus shown to have a high degree of confidence

Law- a theory that has an unusually high level of confidence

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3
Q

Define microscopic anatomy

A

Study of body parts with microscope

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4
Q

What type of study is cytology

A

Study of cells

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5
Q

Define gross anatomy

A

Study of the body and its part relying only on the naked eye as tool for observation.

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6
Q

What is developmental anatomy

A

Study of human growth and development

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8
Q

What is pathological anatomy

A

Study of diseased body structures

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9
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Study of the body system

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10
Q

What is physiology

A

Science of the function of organisms

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11
Q

Organism involved

A

Human or plant physiology

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12
Q

Organizational level

A

Molecular or cellular physiology

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13
Q

Systemic function

A

Respiratory physiology, neurophysiology, or cardiovascular physiology

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14
Q

Why type of study is histology

A

Study of tissues

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15
Q

Characteristics of life

Autopoiesis

A

Living organisms are self organized and self- maintaining

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16
Q

Characteristics of life

Cell theory

A

If it is made of one or more cells, it is alive

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17
Q

Characteristics of life

Metabolism

A

Sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the living body

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18
Q

Levels of organization

Chemical level

A

Organization

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19
Q

Levels of organization

Organelle level

A

Chemical structure organized to form organelles that perform individual function

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20
Q

Levels of organization- cellular

A

Each cell has a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm within a limiting membrane

Cells different to perform unique functions

21
Q

Levels of organization

Organ

A

Organs represent discrete and functionally complex operational units

Each organ has a size, shape appearances and placement in the body

22
Q

Levels of organization

System

A

System levels of all varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged perform complex functions

23
Q

Levels of organization

Organisms

A

The living human organism is greater than sum it part

All of the compounds interact to allow the human to survive and flourish

24
Q

Anatomical position

A

Reference position

Body erect with arms at the sides, plans forward

Head and feet pointing forward

25
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head

26
Q

Inferior

A

Lower

27
Q

Anterior

A

Front

28
Q

Posterior

A

Back

29
Q

Medial

A

Towards the middle of the body

30
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the side of the body away from the body midline

31
Q

Anatomy is defined as the study of the________ of living organism.

A

Structure

32
Q

Physiology is defined as the study of _________of a living organism.

A

Function

33
Q

The organization of the body begins at what level?

A

Chemical

34
Q

The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major division.

A

Axial and appendicular

Appendicular - arms and legs

35
Q

Inner region of an organ

A

Medullary- medulla

36
Q

Outer region or layer of an organ

A

Cortical- cortex

37
Q

The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the____ plane.

A

Coronal

38
Q

The relatively constant state Maintained by the body is known as

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

Passive transport

A

in which no cellular energy is required to affect movement through the cell membrane

40
Q

Active transport

A

Active transport, in which cellular energy is required to provide movement through the cell membrane

Active Transport

Active transport processes require the expenditure of energy by the cells to move substances from an area of low concentration to one of a high concentration. The energy required is obtained from ATP.

41
Q

Diffusion

A

diffusion

Passive transport process responsible for the exchange of gases that occurs in the respiratory system.

42
Q

Osmosis

A

osmosis
Passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater concentration due to an imbalance of impermeant solutes across the membrane.

43
Q

Filtration

A

filtration

Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side.

44
Q

Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will swell and eventually lyse as water flows into them.

false or true

A

F

45
Q

A solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a living red blood cell would be

A

Hypertonic

46
Q

Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances that may enter cells.

T or F

A

T

47
Q

The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is ?

CELL OR ATOM

A

Cell

The cell is the smallest “living” unit and the basic functioning unit of the human body

48
Q

Molecules cannot permeate the cracks of these junctions.

A

Tight junctions occur in the lining of the intestines and other parts of the body where it is important to control what gets through a sheet of cells.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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