CLASS: 9-17-18: Ars Nova- COMPLETE

Question 1

Anything Before 1300 thinking. Shifts from Ars Antiqua to Ars Nova

Answer 1

Ars Antiqua

Question 2

Ars Nova:

Composers start thinking of themselves as _____.

Answer 2

Ars Nova:

Composers start thinking of themselves as artists.

Sacred music, they are mostly just decorating music. Not thinking about it as their own. They write about the act of composing. Notation.

Question 3

What is the defining characteristic of a medieval motet?

Answer 3

Different texts under each voice

Can be the same or different languages.

Question 4

How do you tell a goliard song from a chanson?

Answer 4

Goliard Song is in Latin

Chanson is in French

Cantiga is in Spanish

Question 5

What are the key themes of French chanson?

Answer 5

• Courtley love
• Impossible love
• Dawn Song
• Laments
• Pastoral (Knight trying to get with Shepherdess and she outwits him)
• Politics
• Vidas (Autobiographies)

Question 6

What is the form of a medieval Rondeau?

Answer 6

FORM:

ABaabAB

Question 7

FORM LETTERS:

Little letter- Same music Different ___

Answer 7

FORM LETTERS:

Little letter- Same music Different Text

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Dante: 14th-century story that ties it to the Ars Nova

The flowering of _____ CULTURE

____ of SECULAR and SACRED pieces, mash-up

Answer 9

Dante: 14th-century story that ties it to the Ars Nova

The flowering of SECULAR CULTURE

Blend of SECULAR and SACRED pieces, mash-up

Question 10

Dante is in _____. It’s the vernacular, the language of the people. Not a court language.

Answer 10

Italian

Question 11

Dante shifts the focus away from God and onto ___

Answer 11

Dante shifts the focus away from God and onto men

*Main character, Dante, is about him navigating his own relationship with God, having his own AGENCY. The story is about the acts an experience VS what GOD does for people.

Question 12

How does Dante impact music of the time:

The composer is seen as an individual and ____.

Answer 12

How does Dante impact music of the time:

The composer is seen as an individual and craftsman.

The sacred composers are only decorating the mass to future decorate the sacred services. Not concerned with taking credit. They don’t care.

We wouldn’t know about Leonin and Perotin without the writings of Anonymous IV. They aren’t putting their names on the compositions.

Composers want to take more credit for their work. Composers started developing individual styles.

Peaks in the romantic era.

Question 13

How does Dante impact music of the time:

The _____ of secular and sacred texts. Saw it in the early motet.

Answer 13

How does Dante impact music of the time:

The blending of secular and sacred texts. Saw it in the early motet.

Question 14

How does Dante impact music of the time:

Writing about the art of ______.

Answer 14

How does Dante impact music of the time:

Writing about the art of composition.

Composers write how they want you to perform it. They don’t want you to make up your own ideas. Theorizing practice.

Question 15

How does Dante impact music of the time:

Innovative compositional ___ and ____:

Answer 15

How does Dante impact music of the time:

Innovative compositional advances and tactics:

Rhythm and form

Composers are writing about it.

Question 16

Earliest notation

______ (c. 1280)

Duration indicated by shape of note

Answer 16

Earliest notation

Franco of Cologne’s Notation (c. 1280)

Duration indicated by shape of note

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

We have a pulse but no ____.

Whether a long subdivides … it depends on the context of the music. No standardization. Fitting it into our meter requires lots of triplets. Putting into modern notation, we see it in a meter but that’s not how the performers saw it. There is no downbeat. There’s a PULSE but no METER. Just note shapes.

Answer 21

We have a pulse but no meter.

Whether a long subdivides … it depends on the context of the music. No standardization. Fitting it into our meter requires lots of triplets. Putting into modern notation, we see it in a meter but that’s not how the performers saw it. There is no downbeat. There’s a PULSE but no METER. Just note shapes.

Question 22

If a note can be divided into 3 it’s ____

If a note cannot be divided into 3 it’s ____

Answer 22

If a note can be divided into 3 it’s perfect

If a note cannot be divided into 3 it’s imperfect

Question 23

TALK ABOUT NAWM p 108

Answer 23

There’s a pulse, but there is no meter, especially in the top voices

Question 24

Had up to 9 subdivision in notation

Answer 24

Petrus de Cruce’s Notation (c. 1280-1300)

Complexity increases substantially

Question 25

PG 115 NAWM

[insert recording]

Answer 25

Triplets, sextuplets, rhythm sounds even less metric, sounds pulsing and flowing. Increases in complexity. Easier to hear than to see. You can’t conduct it. Hard to figure out where you’re at. Didn’t even have measures really. Hard to get their music to match up with our idea of metric.

Question 26

First person to theorize rhythm. How we notate rhythm and why. Wrote a treatise. Where we got the term Ars Nova. “New Art”

Answer 26

Philippe de Vitry, Ars Nova (c. 1322)

Question 27

Where we get our standard subdivisions.

Time = division of breve (into semibreves)

Prolation = division of semibreve (into minims)

Mensuration signs are similar to our time signatures.

Who created this? What is still lacking?

Answer 27

De Vitry, Ars Nova Notation

No measure lines and bars.

Question 28

Another Innovation of 14th Century is Form:

Composers for the first time creating and manipulating ____ vs using fixed ____ like Rondeaux

Answer 28

Another Innovation of 14th Century is Form:

Composers for the first time creating and manipulating forms vs using fixed forms like Rondeaux

Question 29

A way of forming a piece around a specific rhythm and melody.

Only in the TENOR voice (lowest voice)

Answer 29

Isorhythmic Form

Question 30

In the tenor voice only:

______: Repeated Melody

Answer 30

In the tenor voice only:

Color: Repeated Melody

Whichever notes of chant that go into the isorhythmic motet is your COLOR. That melody has to repeat in tenor voice at least one time. Tenere means TO HOLD, holds the pre-existing melody and long sustained pitches.

Question 31

In the tenor voice only:

_______: Repeated Rhythmic Pattern

Answer 31

In the tenor voice only:

Talea: Repeated Rhythmic Pattern

“Tapping rhythm” Repeats within in color

8 notes - divide into 2 4 notes. Then write a rhythm that is 4 notes long. Repeat that twice within a single color.

Question 32

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Question 33

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Question 34

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Question 35

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