Cardio- Blood Vessels

Question 1

tunics of blood vessels + functions

Answer 1

• Tunica intima: gas/fluid exchange
• Tunica media: regulates blood flow
• Tunica externa/adventitia: integrates the blood vessel into its surroundings

Question 2

transition of heart layers to tunics of vessels

Answer 2

epicardium > t external
myocardium > t media
endocardium >t intima

Question 3

explain tunica intima

Answer 3

inner layer

1 cell thick

Question 4

explain tunica media

Answer 4

smooth muscle + elastic fibres

Question 5

explain tunica external

Answer 5

made of collagen + elastic

vasa vasorum

Question 6

what separates the tunica intima, media and externa

Answer 6

• Separating I + M= internal elastic lamina

- Separating M + E= external elastic lamina

Question 7

which vessels contain smooth muscle

Answer 7

artery, arterial, vein

Question 8

which vessels contain elastic tissue

Answer 8

artery an vein

Question 9

which vessels contain fibrous tissue

Answer 9

artery, venule, vein

Question 10

what are the types of large/medium arteries, tunica media characteristics, and roles

Answer 10

elastic= media has large elastic fibres > allows expansion (e.g. aorta)

muscular= media mostly smooth muscle > regulation of vascular tone (coronary art)

Question 11

characteristics of veins

Answer 11

• Thin tunica media.
• Large lumens.
• Valves often present.

Question 12

difference between arteries and veins

Answer 12

1. Media
   • Artery= more smooth muscle + elastic fibres
2. Intima
   • Artery: Internal elastic membrane (blue squiggle)
   • Endothelium smooth in vein, rough in artery
3. Externa
   • Vein= Smooth muscle in externa
   • Artery= Vasa vasorum (supply tissue of vessels)

Question 13

size differences of types of arteries

Answer 13

• Arteriole= less than 30 micrometers (4 erythro) + 3 layers of muscle
• Large arteriole= 100-300 micro + 5/6 layers of smooth
• Muscular arteries= 100micro to 10 milimeters
• Elastic= 10milimeters+

Question 14

Differences between walls of arteries & arterioles

Answer 14

1. Elastic= more elastic fibres (exist closer to heart) + thin externa (no nerves or vasora) as role is to receive and pump blood

Intima of elastic:

• thicker than other
• Layer of loose connect. Tissue beneath endo allows intima to move independently from layers
• E.g. extend with inc SBP

4. Arteriole= only 2 layers of muscle= needs transport across

Question 15

Differences between walls of veins & venules

Answer 15

1. Large diameter: Low pressure system = veins need large lumen but thin wall
2. M= valve present, prevent backflow
3. V= solute moving through

Question 16

describe tunica externa in aorta

Answer 16

is collagen rich and contains vasa vasorum and vascular nerves
Connective tissue

Question 17

describe tunica media and intima in aorta

Answer 17

Tunica intima = single layer of flattened endothelial cells + layer of elastic.
Tunica media= elastin separated by collagenous tissue and smooth muscle fibres.

Question 18

diff between lymph and venules

Answer 18

venues epithelium have pericytes

Question 19

what is a neuromuscular bundle

Answer 19

• 3 often exist together

Vein + Artery + Nerve

Question 20

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Answer 20

• Carry different substances (lymph (plasma + lymphocytes) vs blood (erythrocytes))
• Endothelial cell cytoplasm is extremely thin in lymphatics compared to blood capillaries.
• Basement membrane is rudimentary or absent in lymph