Embryology

Question 1

Structures derived from the neural crest cells

Answer 1

MOTEL PPASS
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Thyroid parafollicular cells
Endocardial cushion
Laryngeal and tracheal cartilages

Pia and arachnoid mater
PNS
Adrenal medulla and all ganglia
Schwann cells, Skull bones
Spiral membrane (AP septum)

Question 2

Triple test at 16-18 weeks AOG

Answer 2

AFP
Estriol
HCG

Question 3

Most common cause of elevated AFP

Answer 3

dating error

underestimated AOG

Question 4

postnatally, the notochord becomes

Answer 4

the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc

Question 5

Mesodermal defects

Answer 5

VACTERL
Vertebral
Anal atresia
Cardiac
Tracheo-
Esophageal fistula
Renal
Limb

Question 6

umbilical arteries and veins are derived from

Answer 6

allantois

Question 7

branchial / pharyngeal apparatus

Answer 7

CAP (outside to inside)
clefts / grooves - ectoderm
arches - mesoderm and neural crest
pouches - endoderm

Question 8

umbilical arteries and veins are derived from

Answer 8

allantois

Question 9

branchial / pharyngeal apparatus

Answer 9

CAP (outside to inside)
clefts / grooves - ectoderm
arches - mesoderm and neural crest
pouches - endoderm

Question 10

derivatives of the mesonephric / Wolffian duct

Answer 10

SEED
Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

Question 11

female remnant of Wolffian duct

Answer 11

Gartner duct

Question 12

female homolog of Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral)

Answer 12

Bartholin glands (greater vestibular)

Question 13

female homolog of prostate gland

Answer 13

Skene glands (urethral and paraurethral)

Question 14

homolog of urogenital folds in male and female

Answer 14

M - ventral shaft / penile urethra

F - labia minora

Question 15

the processus vaginalis forms the

Answer 15

tunica vaginalis in males

that covers the tunica albuginea of the testis

Question 16

female remnant of gubernaculum

Answer 16

ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus

Question 17

imperforate anus is most commonly associated with defects of

Answer 17

genitourinary tract (fistulas, bladder extrophy, hypo/epispadia, renal agenesis)

Question 18

diagnostic test done to detect the presence of gastric mucosa

Answer 18

99mmTc - pertechnetate scan

Question 19

in this condition, the cecum is found at the RUQ fixed with fibrous bands to the 2nd part of duodenum

Answer 19

Malrotation (Ladd’s bands)

Question 20

omphalomesenteric / vitelline duct connects which 2 structures

Answer 20

ileum (2cm proximal to the valve) and umbilicus

Question 21

embryologic derivative of spleen

Answer 21

mesoderm of the dorsal mesentery

Question 22

1st branchial arch syndrome

Answer 22

Treacher - Collins syndrome

Question 23

the left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to

Answer 23

coronary sinus

Question 24

the SVC is derived from which embryonic structures

Answer 24

R common cardinal vein

R anterior cardinal vein

Question 25

fetal erythropoiesis

Answer 25

yolk sac - 3 to 8 weeks
liver - 6 weeks to birth
spleen - 10 to 28 weeks
bone marrow - 18 weeks to adult

Question 26

most common site of hydronephrosis in fetus

Answer 26

ureteropelvic junction

Question 27

most common congenital renal anomaly

Answer 27

horseshoe kidney