Lab #3 Flashcards
Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Monosaccharide: Simple sugar with formula C6H1206
example: glucose function: important energy source for cells; subunit of polysaccharides
‘member?
Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Disaccharide: two monosaccharides bonded together
examples: - fructose - energy storage molecule in fruits and honey
sucrose - principal sugar transported throughout bodies of land plants
‘member?
Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Polysaccharide: many monosaccharides (usually glucose) bonded together
examples: - starch - energy storage in plants
glycogen - energy storage in animals
cellulose - structural material in plants
‘member?
Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Triglyceride: three fatty acids bonded to glycerol
examples: oil, fat - energy storage in animals, some plants
‘member?
Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
wax: variable numbers of fatty acids bonded to long chain alcohol
examples: waxes in plant cuticle - waterproof covering on leaves and stems of land plants
‘member?
Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Phospholipid: polar phosphate group and two fatty acids bonded to glycerol
example: phosphatidylcholine - component of cell membranes
‘member?
Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Steroid: four fused rings of carbon atoms with fucntional groups attached
examples: cholesterol - common component of membranes of eukaryotic cells; precursor for other steroids such as testosterone, bile salts
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Protein: chains of amino acids; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
peptide: short chain of amino acids
example: keratin silk - hellical protein, principal component of hair beta pleated sheet protein produced by silk moths and spiders
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Protein: chains of amino acids; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
polypeptide: long chain of amino acids; also called “protein”
example: hemoglobin - globular protein composed of four subunit peptides; transport of oxyggen in vertebrate blood
‘member?
Nucleic acid: made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. may consist of a single nucleotide or long chain of nucleotides.
long chain nucleic acids: polymer of nucleotide subunits
examples: DNA - genetic material of all living cells RNA - genetic material of some viruses; in cells, essential in transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein
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Nucleic acid: made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. may consist of a single nucleotide or long chain of nucleotides.
Single nucleotides Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
examples: principal short term energy carrier molecule in cells cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) - intracellular messenger
‘member?
fatty acid (unsaturated)
Hydrogen
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Oxygen
Glycine (Amino Acid)
Dimethyl Ether
Methyl Alcohol
Ammonia
Fatty Acid (unsaturated)
Carbon Dioxide
Amine
Glucose
Aldehyde (carbonyl)
Ketone (carbonyl)
Alcohol (hydroxyl)
Glycerol
