Lab #4: animal tissues

Question 1

the four categories of tissues are…

Answer 1

Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous

Question 2

(Epithelium) 3 main functions are:

Answer 2

Protection, secretion, absorption

Question 3

(Epithelium) Location:

Answer 3

covers and lines organs (epidermis; respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts)

Question 4

(Epithelium) Lacks ___? (receives nutrients from underlying connective tissue)

Answer 4

blood supply

Question 5

(Epithelium) “___” with tightly packed cells Named by:

Answer 5

sheet-like Number of layers of cells Simple (1 layer), Stratified (>1 layer) Cell Shape

Question 6

(Epithelium) Cell shape Types:

Answer 6

Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

Question 7

(Squamous Epithelium) Cells very ___, much ___ than they are thick (like a fried egg)

Answer 7

thin wider

Question 8

(Squamous Epithelium) Simple Squamous Epithelium examples:

Answer 8

• Air sacs of respiratory system - Lining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatic tubes

Question 9

(Squamous Epithelium) Stratified Squamous Epithelium examples:

Answer 9

Skin Vagina Esophagus Mouth

Question 10

Answer 10

simple squamous epithelium

Question 11

Answer 11

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 12

(Cuboidal Epithelium)

Cells cube shaped- ___ and absorption

examples

Answer 12

secretion

• Kidney tubules
• Duct and small glands
• Surface of ovary

Question 13

Answer 13

Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 14

(Columnar Epithelium)

___cells, much longer than they are wide

Answer 14

Elongated

Question 15

(Columnar Epithelium)

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of cells that function in ___ and secretion

Found in the ___ and ___ tract

May be ciliated or nonciliated

Cilia move mucus, debris and foreign up away from lungs up toward throat

Answer 15

absorption

digestive

respiratory

Question 16

Answer 16

simple columnar epithelium

Question 17

Answer 17

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Question 18

(Connective Tissue)

Tissue ___ and ___

Answer 18

protects

supports

Question 19

(Connective Tissue)

Contains specialized cells within an extracellular matrix (ECM)

ECM composed of two regions

Answer 19

Ground Substance

• Liquid, Gel-like, solid

Fibers

• Collagen (strongest fiber)
• Elastic (stretchy fiber)
• Reticular (form a network)

Question 20

(Connective Tissue)

cells that make the fibers are called ___

Answer 20

Fibroblasts

Question 21

Types of Connective Tissue are?

Answer 21

• Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
• Dense Connective Tissue
• Adipose
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood

Question 22

Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

• Lots of ___ between cells and fibers
• ___ and protects organs
• Collagen and elastic fibers run in many directions

Answer 22

space

Cushions

Question 23

Answer 23

Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

Question 24

(Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue)

___ closely packed together

Dense regular connective tissue – fibers run in___

examples : ___ and ligaments

Fibers mostly ___ (appear white)

Answer 24

Fibers

one direction

Tendons

collagen

Question 25

Answer 25

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Question 26

Adipose

Stores ___

___ = fat cells

Closely packed cells

Cell nuclei are ___

Stores ___ , supports and protects organs, insulates

Answer 26

fat (lipids)

Adipocytes

pushed out to edge of cell

energy

Question 27

Answer 27

Adipose

Question 28

(Cartilage)

Contains ___ -like matrix

Cartilage cells = ___

Enclosed within a space called a ___ within the matrix

Avascular

Answer 28

gel

chondrocytes

lacuna

Question 29

(Cartilage)

Hyaline Cartilage (most common type)

• Costal cartilage (___)
• Articular cartilage (___)
• Fetal skeleton

Answer 29

joins ribs to sternum

end of bones in a joint

Question 30

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage

Question 31

(Bone)

Matrix is ___ (from deposits of calcium and phosphate salts)

Has ___ supply and ___ (cartilage doesn’t)

Bone cells = ___ (small black cells)

Lucunae are connected by channels called canaliculi (fine dark lines)

Answer 31

Solid

blood, nerves

osteocytes

Question 32

Answer 32

Bone

Question 33

Blood

Liquid matrix =___

Answer 33

plasma

Question 34

___ = (Red blood cells)

Answer 34

Erythrocytes

Question 35

___ = (white blood cells)

Answer 35

Leukocytes

Question 36

___ - blood clotting

Answer 36

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 37

(Blood)

blood performs what two functions?

Answer 37

Transports:

• Oxygen and nutrients to tissues
• Carbon dioxide away from tissues
• Hormones

Fights disease

Question 38

Answer 38

Blood

Question 39

(Muscle Tissue)

Cells have fibers specialized for___

Answer 39

contraction

Question 40

(Muscle Tissue)

Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary)

• Parallel elongated cells (fibers)
• multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle.

Question 41

(Muscle Tissue)

Smooth Muscle (Not striated, involuntary)

• Cells are spindle-shaped with a central nuclei
• Organized into sheets of muscle
• Found in walls of hollow organs

Question 42

(Muscle Tissue)

Cardiac Muscle (Striated, Involuntary)

• In walls of heart
• Intercalated discs join cardiac muscle cells
• branched

Question 43

Answer 43

Skeletal Muscle

Question 44

Answer 44

Smooth Muscle

Question 45

Answer 45

Cardiac Muscle

Question 46

(Nervous Tissue)

Conducts___

Answer 46

impulses

Question 47

(Nervous Tissue)

Functions in ___

• Sensory input, motor output

Answer 47

communication

Question 48

(Nervous Tissue)

2 types of cells ___ and ___

Answer 48

Neurons

Neuroglia

Question 49

(Nervous Tissue)

Neuron structure:___, ___, ___, and ___

Answer 49

body, nucleus, axon, dendrites

Question 50

Answer 50

Nervous Tissue