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ortho > in class notes > Flashcards

in class notes Flashcards

1
Q

what does the flat bone of the cranial vault come from

A

from periosteal activitiy at the inner, outer, and fontanellies

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2
Q

what does modeling of the cranial vault lead to

A

Changes in size and shape

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3
Q

how does the cranial base growth

A

endochondral-synchrosis pushes bones apart to lengthen the base of the skull

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4
Q

what causes the maxilla to grow down and widden

A

Soft tissue (functional theory)

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5
Q

where is bone added and removed to cause maxillary growth

A

Resorbed in the front and added in the back

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6
Q

how does the mandible form

A

Extramembranous in association with meckel’s cartilage

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7
Q

how does the mandible grow

A

resportion in front of ramus and deposited behind the remus

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8
Q

in the body, where do things grow first

A

Things closest to brain grow first

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9
Q

What separates girls and boys growth spurts

A

2 years

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10
Q

why do guys grow more in their growth spurt

A

their’s is longer

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11
Q

how does tooth eruption affect the bone

A

Brings the alveolar bone with it

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12
Q

what is the affect of having implants too early

A

Late gowth can affect how implants change with time

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13
Q

where should normal people be found within the growth curve

A

within 2 standard deviations

shouldn’t move all around too

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14
Q

at what age do you have all your baby teeth

A

30 months

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15
Q

what happens if you can’t resorb baby teeth

A

may need to have them extracted

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16
Q

what is done to close space in the mandible naturally

A

the molars will move forward, but won’t affect anything really mesial to the canine due to the long roots

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17
Q

does unilateral cross bites tend to hang around

A

No, generally fixed to become a posterior cross bite

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18
Q

how can we use the leeway space to reduce incisor crowding

A

Hold the 1st molars back and since the premolars are smaller than the teeth they replace, extra room can be opened for erupting anterior teeth

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19
Q

what is the E space

A

The space difference between the primary second molar and the permanant first molar

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20
Q

how large is the E space

A

1/3 the leeway space

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21
Q

are primary or permant teeth whiter

A

Primary

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22
Q

what extra width does each slipped contact add

A

1mm (unless very slipped)

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23
Q

mild crowding is how many mm

A

1-2.99mm

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24
Q

medium crowding

A

3-5.99mm

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25
Q

severe crowding size

A

6mm

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26
Q

what causes the irregularity increase between childhood and youthq

A

Jaw growth (NOT 3rd molars)

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27
Q

what allows a decrease in crowding as your permant teeth come in

A

incisors erupt labially
canines erupt distal
development/primate spaces

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28
Q

are babies class I, class II, or class III

A

class II

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29
Q

when does late dentiton begin

A

when you get premolars

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30
Q

what is a mesial step

A

when max 1st molar is behind the mandibular first molar

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31
Q

what is a flush plane

A

max 1st molar nad mandibular first molar are equal

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32
Q

what is a distal step

A

when the max 1st molar is infront of the mandibular first

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33
Q

what does a mesial step turn into

A

class I and Class III

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34
Q

what does a flush plane turn into

A

Class I and Class II

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35
Q

what does a distal step turn into

A

Class II

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36
Q

what happens to early mild class II relationships

A

tuend to decrease as you get older due to late mandibular growth

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37
Q

what happens to early mild class III relationships

A

tends to increase as you get older due to mandibular growth

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38
Q

what classification do asians tend to have

A

class III

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39
Q

what classification do whites tend to have

A

Class II

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40
Q

what calssification do blacks tend to have

A

Class III and open bite

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41
Q

how does deep bite change with age

A

decreases with growth

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42
Q

what is the order of jaw growth

A

transverse stops first
AP stops second
Verticle stops last

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43
Q

what kind of malocclustion does late mandibular growth lead to

A

Cross bite

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44
Q

what is tooth gemination

A

when two crowns come from one root

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45
Q

what is the eqalibrium theory of location

A

soft tissue+ tongue balance each othe out

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46
Q

how does mouth breathing affect oral development

A

no tongue on top of teeth so palate shrinks

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47
Q

how long must pressure be applied to teeth to cause a change

A

6 hours

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48
Q

what is bimaxillary protrustion

A

when both jaws protrude forward

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49
Q

what kind of molar classification must exist to be a deep over bite

A

can never be class III

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50
Q

what does it mean when ANB is negative

A

Class III

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51
Q

what does it mean when ANB is possitive

A

class II

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52
Q

what does it mean to increase incisal angle

A

proclined

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53
Q

what does it mean to decrease incisal angle

A

Reclined

54
Q

how do proclined incisors affect the soft tissue

A

gingival recession

Protruding lips

55
Q

how do reclined incisors affect the soft tissue

A

retruded lips

56
Q

how does crowding affect incisor angle

A

Proclined teeth

57
Q

what is the E line

A

Tip of the nose to the tip of the chin

58
Q

how sould the lips relate to the E line

A

upper is 4mm behind

lower is 2mm behind

59
Q

size of the lower premolars and cnaines

A

7mm each

60
Q

size of the maxillary canines

A

8mm each

61
Q

how wide of maxillary incisors

A

8-9 for centrals

6-7 for laterals

62
Q

width of mandibular incisors

A

5-6mm

63
Q

how much space can exist between lips for it not to be a problem

A

4mm without strain

64
Q

when should you do surgery for ortho

A

Done first

65
Q

what is class II devision 1 mean

A

Increased overjet

66
Q

class II devision 2

A

increase over bite

67
Q

why can’t you move implants

A

no pdl

68
Q

where do osteoclasts come from

A

bone marrow (not the PDL)

69
Q

what is the clinically fastest way to move a tooth

A

Tipping

70
Q

how can someone get translational movement

A

use of an arch wise

71
Q

what are the causes of root resorption

A 
dilaceration
Root contract with lingual cortical bone
Geneetics
Conical root
previous root resorption
Trauma
72
Q

what should you do to check for root resorption

A

Take a Pan after 9 months of treatment

73
Q

what kind of anchor is a TAD

A

Absolute anchor

74
Q

maximum anchorate

A

Posterior stays put and pulls anterior backwards

75
Q

what is minimum achorate

A

anterior stays put and pulls posterior forward

76
Q

what is assisted tooth movement

A

Removal of cortical bone to accelerate tooth movement

77
Q

how do NASAIDS affect tooth movement

A

Slow it down, cuz inflammation is needed

78
Q

can you change mandibular growth

A

No, can only accelearte it at the condyl

79
Q

what is the most unstable form of ortho movement

A

Palatal expander

80
Q

what does Rapid palatal expanders do to the teeth

A

leads to a diastima that should close after time

81
Q

what does head gear do

A

Restrains the maxilla from down and forward movement by pulling on teeth

82
Q

what is the ideal force on teeth

A

50-200 g

83
Q

what is the ideal force on headgear

A

250-500 g

84
Q

what is the expansion rate for Rapid palatal expanders

A

2-4 tuns a day (.25 mm per turn)

85
Q

what is the expansion rate for slow palatal expanders

A

1 turn every two days (.25mm per turn)

86
Q

when should you do palatal expansion

A

before 15 years old

87
Q

what are the phases of distraction osteogenesis

A

latency
Distraction
consilidation
Remodeling

88
Q

what is SARPE

A

surgically assisted rapid palatal expanders (done on adults to cut open surutre)

89
Q

what deterines the center of resistance

A

surrounding tissue

90
Q

what is deformability

A

Ability of wire to be bent perminantly

91
Q

what is the deformability of large vs small wire

A

smaller is easier to bend

smaller has a larger range

92
Q

what kind of wire is used in the finishing satage of rotho

A

heavy wire to maintain treatment outcome with lots of bends to make it more flexible

93
Q

what is a 3rd order bend

A

buccal torque/rotation (inclination)

94
Q

what is a 1st order bend

A

Buccal tranlation(push teeth in and out)

95
Q

what is a second order bend

A

angulation/vertical (M-D tipping)

96
Q

what kind of curve measures the extrinisic

A

Force-deflection

97
Q

what kind of curve measures the intrinsic

A

Stress strain

98
Q

is a circle or a rectangle more stiff

A

rectangle is more stiff

99
Q

what is the proptional limit

A

the limit to wear an increase in force leads to the same amount of deflection

100
Q

where is the yield limit

A

the point at which .1% deflection is no longer proportional to the aount of force in the bend
- does not return to its original size

101
Q

what is springback

A

The ability to return to its original shape

102
Q

what is range

A

The amount a wire can be bent without permanent deformation

103
Q

what is strength

A

stiffness x range

104
Q

how does increasing size change stregth, sprininess, and range

A

decrease strength
decrease springiness
decrease range

105
Q

how does increasing length change stregnth, springiness, and range

A

decrease strength
increase springiness
increase range

106
Q

HOW DO YOU cange the center of reisistance

A

change via root resorption (moves coronally)

changes via bone loss (moves apically)

107
Q

how do you change the center of rotation

A

by application of forces

108
Q

what is a moment

A

The tendency to rotate

109
Q

what is the equation for a moment

A

Grams x mm distance perpandicular to the line of action through the center of resistance

110
Q

pros of removable ortho

A

Clean

asthetics

111
Q

cons of removable ortho

A

Loses
patient compliance
tipping only good force

112
Q

how can removable ortho induce tipping

A

holly appliacnce

113
Q

why usea functional appliance

A

Change growth

114
Q

how can we try nd stimulate mandibular growth

A

Herbs appliance

115
Q

how can we try and stop mandibular growth

A

headgear

116
Q

what are some removable fucntional apliances

A

fimback
headgear
activators

117
Q

what are some fixed functional appliances

A

herbs
forsus
Mara

118
Q

why use an anterior bite block

A

to fix a deep bite

119
Q

why use a posterior bite block

A

causes extrusion of anterior teeth

120
Q

pros of fixed appliances

A

more relaible

more foces

121
Q

cons of fixed appliances

A

dirty

122
Q

what did angle invent for ortho

A

found that is wire is situated facial lingually you can get more contol

123
Q

what is the roll of a begg’s appliace

A

Used to upright roots after tipping

124
Q

what did andrew contribute to ortho

A

adjusted brackets (don’t bend arch wire)

125
Q

what are the expansion appliances

A

Hyrax
W-arch
Frankol (tissue born appliance to do expansion)
Quad helix

126
Q

why use a power chain

A

pull all the teeth together

127
Q

why use a lip bumper

A

Pull the lower teeth forward

128
Q

why use a transpalatal arch

A

uses a wire across the arch to stop side effects and stop tipping during expansion

129
Q

why use a lower lingual holding arch

A

space maintainers

130
Q

why use a tongue crib

A

tells tongue to go back into the mouth

ortho (22 decks)

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