Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Where does the iliacus muscle originate?

Answer 1

Iliac fossa.

Question 2

Where does the psoas minor muscle attach?

Answer 2

Pectineal line.

Question 3

What muscle(s) attach to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 3

The psoas major and iliacus muscles merge onto the lesser trochanter –> iliopsoas.

Question 4

Where do the 3 levels that branch off the abdominal aorta go? What are their planes within the abdominal cavity?

Answer 4

Level 1: To GI tract - anterior midline plane
Level 2: To UG tract - lateral plane
Level 3: To walls and roof of posterior abdominal wall - posterolateral plane

Question 5

Which arteries in the posterior plane go to the vertebral column?

Answer 5

Radicular arteries and medial sacral arteries.

Question 6

Which system creates the venous network in the developing embryp?

Answer 6

The cardinal system: common, anterior, posterior, and sub-cardinals.

Question 7

What happens to the supracardinals between 6 and 9 weeks?

Answer 7

The supra-cardinals are formed bilaterally at 6 weeks running from head/neck to feet. At 8-9 weeks, the left side is degraded and only the right remains –> IVC is on the right side.

Question 8

Where does all of the blood on the left side, including the left gonadal and suprarenal veins, drain into?

Answer 8

The left renal vein –> IVC.

Question 9

Where does anything coming from the gut drain into?

Answer 9

The hepatic portal vein –> IVC.

Question 10

Subcostal nerve

Answer 10

T12
M: Anterolateral abdominal wall
C: abdominal skin between iliac crest and umbilicus (below belly button)
*under 12th rib

Question 11

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 11

L1
M: internal oblique + transversus abdominus
C: lower inguinal, mons pubis, anteriorior scrotum or labuim majus, adj medial thigh (genitalia and little skin)

Question 12

Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 12

L1

M: iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions (below subcostal innervation)

Question 13

Genitofemoral nerve

Answer 13

L1, L2
M: cremaster Muscle
C: Lateral Femoral Triangle
(Femoral Branch); Anterior Scrotum
or labuim majus (Genital branch) 
(upper thigh and some genitalia)
*lies on top of psoas major

Question 14

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 14

L2, L3
C: lateral thigh
*under inguinal ligament

Question 15

Obturator nerve

Answer 15

L2, L3, L4
M: thigh adductor
C: middle part of medial thigh
*goes through obturator foramen

Question 16

Femoral nerve

Answer 16

L2, L3, L4
M: hip flexors, knee extenders
C: anteriomedial thigh, knee, leg, foot
*innervates with saphenous nerve
*goes through femoral triangle

Question 17

What does the lumbar portion of the diaphragm contain?

Answer 17

The median, medial, and lateral arcuate ligaments.

Question 18

What are the 3 foramena of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

1. Vena caval
2. Esophageal hiatus
3. Aortic hiatus

Question 19

Which artery supplies blood to the lateral diaphragm?

Answer 19

Musculophrenic artery and vein.

Question 20

What does the pericardiophrenic artery supply?

Answer 20

Anterior diaphragm.

Question 21

Which artery provides blood to posterior and inferior diaphragm (most of the muscle)?

Answer 21

Phrenic artery.

Question 22

Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Motor: Phrenic n.
Sensory: Phrenic n. and intercostal

Question 23

Psoas Major

Answer 23

P: transverse pr. and bodies T12-L5
D: lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: anterior rami of L1-L3
F: hip flexor; vertebral flexion

Question 24

Psoas minor

Answer 24

P: vertebral bodies T12-L1
D: pectineal line + iliopubic eminence
Inn: anterior rami L1
F: vertebral flexion

Question 25

Iliacus

Answer 25

P: superior 2/3 iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligament
D: lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: femoral n.
F: hip flexor

Question 26

Iliopsoas

Answer 26

Made by union of iliacus and psoas muscles

F: hip flexor, vertebral flexion; large role in preswing - midswing

Question 27

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 27

P: medial 1/2 of inferior 12th rib, tips of lumbar transverse pr.
D: iliolumbar ligament and internal iliac crest
Inn: anterior branches T12 and L1-L4
F: extension and lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column

Question 28

Transverse abdominis

Answer 28

Superficial to quadratus lumborum; inner lining of anterior abdominal wall (deepest on wall under external and internal obliques)

Question 29

What is the flow of fluid through the kidney?

Answer 29

Outer cortex to medulla: pyramids –> renal papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter

Question 30

What is the flow of vasculature in the kidney?

Answer 30

Renal artery –> segmental a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> renal glomeruli