7.2 population Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
What is a population?
All the organisms of a particular species that live in the same place.
What is a gene pool?
The range of different alleles existing for a particular locus within a population.
What is allele frequency?
The proportion of a certain allele within a gene pool, expressed as a decimal or percentage.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Allows us to estimate the frequency of alleles in a population, as well as if allele frequency is changing over time.
What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
● No mutations occur to create new alleles.
● No migration in or out of the population.
● No selection, so alleles are all equally passed on to the next generation.
● Random mating.
● Large population.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for allele frequency?
p + q = 1
What does P mean in the equation for allele frequency?
p = frequency of the dominant allele.
What does q mean in the equation for allele frequency?
q = frequency of the recessive allele.
What must be true for the equation for allele frequency?
The frequencies of each allele for a characteristic must add up to 1.0.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequency?
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
What must be true for the Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequency?
The frequencies of each genotype for a characteristic must add up to 1.0.
What does p² mean in the equation for genotype frequency?
p² = frequency of homozygous dominant.
What does q² mean in the equation for genotype frequency?
q² = frequency of homozygous recessive.
What does 2pq mean in the equation for genotype frequency?
2pq = frequency of heterozygous.
What is phenotype frequency?
(total individuals with phenotype ÷ total individuals in population) × 100
How do you calculate the phenotype frequency of purple flowers in a population of 9 pea plants with 7 purple and 2 white?
Phenotype frequency = (7 ÷ 9) × 100 = 78%.
How do you calculate the phenotype frequency of white flowers in a population of 9 pea plants with 7 purple and 2 white?
Phenotype frequency = (2 ÷ 9) × 100 = 22%.
What is homozygous dominant?
(BB)
What is heterozygous?
(Bb)
What is homozygous recessive?
(bb)
