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Understanding Emotions > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Our understanding of emotions is still developing.

True or false

A

True

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2
Q

Which founder of emotion theorized that emotion is the perception of changes in our bodies as we react to a stimulus.

A

William James

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3
Q

The consensus for emotion researchers is that emotions are ?

A

Locally rational

Emotions let us deal adaptively with concerns specific to our context

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4
Q

What happened to Phineas Gage?

A

A metal rod fully passed through his head, leaving him irritable and unreliable

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5
Q

I don’t really know why, but I’be been somewhat irritable the past few days. In this case irritable is best described as an example of a ….

A

Mood

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6
Q

What conclusions do the textbook authors describe after summarizing the leading theories of emotion?

A

There is a behavioral, physiological, and experiential facet of emotion

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7
Q

________ suggested ______ shaped our emotional expressions?

A

Charles Darwin; evolution

Evolutionary approach

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8
Q

William James

A

The emotion is the perception of changes of our body as we react to that fact

physiological approach

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9
Q

Who were the first to discussed emotions in 1500 BCE and ~170 CE?

A

1500 BCE : ancient Egyptians described emotions

~170 CE: Galen of Pergamon , a Greek, writes on how to use “talk therapy” to alter emotions

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10
Q

Emotion

A

A psychological state that mediates between our concerns (or goals) and events of our world

Ex: anger motivating a solution to perceived wrongdoing by someone else

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11
Q

Emotions are thought to be important for :

A

Motivating action: survival and adaptation; planning for the future

Depriving meaning: attempting to understand particular events

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12
Q

For emotions to be functional, they should prepare us to what ?

A

Act

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13
Q

Function of emotions (3)

A

Emotions :

  • signal to an organism those events or situations that are significant, harmful or favorable
  • motivate adaptive behavior
  • act as positive or negative reinforces
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14
Q

Common-sense emotion theory

A

Event —> experience—-> adaptive behavior / physiology

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15
Q

Function and action tendency of fear, happiness, anger and sadness ?

A

Fear: to avoid harm; avoidance behavior

Happiness: to permit consummatory behavior; being-with/approach

Anger: to regain control; attack/threat

Sadness: to cease attempt to attain unrealizable goal; disengagement

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16
Q

Emotions are associated with ?

Components (5)

A

Subjective feeling

Expression (face,voice, body)

Physiological changes

Action (tendency )

Cognition (“appraisal “)

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17
Q

Discrete approach

A

Happy, sad, angry disgusted , fearful , surprised are all categorically different

18
Q

Dimensional approach

A

All discrete emotions can be explained by superordinate dimensions

Ex: valence and activation/ arousal

19
Q

Dimensional approach

Pro and con ?

A

Pro: useful, makes it easy to assess self-reported feelings

Con: limited by their dimensions; unclear whether anger, disgust, and awe be on the same axes

20
Q

Seconds-minutes is ?

A

Expressions

Autonomic changes

21
Q

Minutes-hours ?

A

Self-reported emotions

22
Q

Hours-months ?

A

Moods

23
Q

Weeks-years ?

A

emotional disorders

24
Q

Years-lifetime ?

A

Personality traits

25
Q

Four theoretical perspectives on emotion

A

Darwinian

Jamesian

Cognitive

Social constructivist

26
Q

Darwinian

Definition ?

What Approach ?

Study what?

A

Evolution defines emotions

Evolutionary approach

Study: expressions in animals and human photos

27
Q

Darwinian theory of evolution and natural selection applied to emotion implies ?

A

Animals must have some form of emotions

Emotions are innate

Emotions are functional and adaptive

28
Q

Jamesian

Definition?

What approach ?

A

The body is where emotions begin

Physiological approach

29
Q

The perception of bodily changes in response to outward events creates emotion.

Which theory ?

A

Jamesian

30
Q

Emotion refers to _______ feeling ?

A

Subjective

31
Q

James-Lange theory steps

A

Event —-> adaptive physiology—-> experience

32
Q

Jamesian suggested emotions are what ?

A

Adaptive; they have survival value

Each emotion must be accompanied by a unique pattern of bodily response

33
Q

Cognitive

Definition?

A

Our thoughts are where emotions begin

Thought and emotion are inseparable

Emotions arise because of appraisal, the process by which events are judge good or bad

34
Q

Two factor model

A

Event —-> thoughts and adaptive behavior /physiology —-> experience

35
Q

Cognitive theories propose ?

A

That discrete emotions are elicited by a unique combination of specific appraisal dimensions

Appraisals are not necessarily deliberate

36
Q

Social constructivist

Definition ?

A

Emotions only exist within the complex social circumstances within which they are expressed

37
Q

Social constructivists believe emotions are?

A
  • products of culture and experience
  • a transitory social role
  • cultural products of learned social rules
38
Q

Which theory believes emotions are associated with the attitudes, beliefs, judgments, and desires that reflect the values of particular events

A

Social constructivist

39
Q

According to social constructivists emotions are constructed by _______ to serve _______ ______.

A

Culture; social functions

40
Q

Modal Model of emotion

A

Emotions arise when an individual attends to a situation and they involve changes in the domains of subjective experience, behavior , and central and peripheral physiology

41
Q

Emotion generative cycle components

A 
Situation
   |
Attention 
   |
Appraisal 
   |
Multisystem response

*emotions can occur by the mix of these four things

Understanding Emotions (11 decks)

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