Chapter 3

Question 1

An ethnographer would be mostly likely to use what method to study emotion ?

Answer 1

Deep cultural immersion

Question 2

Japanese college students experiences of positive and negative socially engaging emotions (respect, sympathy , shame , guilt ). This is an example of being ?

Answer 2

Interdependent minded

Question 3

Which is more commonly reported in interdependent, East Asian cultures ?

Answer 3

Feeling both joy and elation

Question 4

Elicitors of emotions, such as jealousy, can differ widely between cultures

True or false

Answer 4

True

Question 5

East Asian cultures value emotional control , what is an example of this ?

Answer 5

Inhibiting the expression of anger

Question 6

Pure social constructivist

Answer 6

Emotions constructed by cultural values, institutions, and language

Specific biological patterns play little to no role in emotions

Emotions are open systems, can be constructed in many different ways

Question 7

Pure Darwinian

Answer 7

Emotions are biologically rooted, part of our evolutionary history

Emotions serve specific functions

Emotions are universal across cultures

Question 8

What is culture ?

Answer 8

A system of ideas and practice that are held common in a group of people who live in the same place at the same time

Human phenomena that cannot be attributed to genetics or biology

Question 9

Where do we see evidence of culture ?

Answer 9

Reflected in:

-things (material culture )
Ex: buildings, clothes, tools

-thinking (subjective culture )
Ex: characteristic ways of viewing and judging events in the environment; knowledge, norms, views of self versus others, values

Question 10

Core tenets of cultural psychology

Answer 10

• all of our actions, ideas, feelings, and goals are shaped by our cultural experiences
• we get information through culture
• there are similarities between cultures
• there are differences between cultures
• cultural differences are reflected in values and motivations

Question 11

Cultural differences in emotion

Meaning ?

US vs. Japan

Answer 11

Comparing ourselves with people from other cultures

US: individualistic “I-self”

Japan: collectivist “We-self”

Question 12

Cultural influences change ?

Answer 12

• What initiates emotions
• when we show emotions
• our desired emotions
• how we talk about emotions

Question 13

Culture changes what initiates emotions through what ?

Answer 13

Social norms: the rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society

Question 14

Culture changes when we express emotions through what?

Answer 14

Displayed rules : learned in the culture or social context

Aka social norms

Question 15

Individualism vs collectivism

Answer 15

Degree of individualism vs collectivism relates to overall expressivity

More individualistic cultures (USA) are more expressive than more collectivist cultures (Japan)

Question 16

Culture changes our desires emotions through what ?

Answer 16

Affect variation

How do we value different emotions

Question 17

_______ cultures tend to value low arousal ideal affect, whereas _____ cultures ten to value high arousal ideal affect

Answer 17

Collectivist ; independent

Question 18

Infaluk

Who are they ?

Their view of ker? What is ker ?

Answer 18

South Pacific population

Ker = happiness/ excitement

In Ifaluk ker should be avoided as it can be seen as too please with oneself ; one should be calm and gentle

Question 19

Culture changes how we talk about emotions through what (2 ways)?

Answer 19

Hypercognized

Hupocognized

Question 20

Hypercognized

Answer 20

Emphasized in a culture , become objects of discussion, has elaborated cognitive structure usually seen with rich vocabularies

Ex: western culture over emphasized love by constantly talking about it , emojis , romance novels , romantic comedies

Question 21

Hypocognized

Answer 21

Underemphasized in a society limited cognitive structure (few words for)

Question 22

Differences in appraisals/ interpretations

Answer 22

• some emotions can be more sensitive to culture
• culture specifically at one level can be culture non-specific at more general level
• different used of appraisals despite universality in appraisal patterns

Question 23

Culture of gender

Answer 23

Men tend to report less emotion, unless they are told to elaborate

Women tend to express more emotion on their faces

Question 24

Cultural influences change ?

Answer 24

• emotion social norms
• display rules
• affective valuation
• hypercognized and hypocognized emotions
• cognitions/ appraisals

Question 25

Cultural researchers argue

Answer 25

The experience of different emotions is not really comparable across cultures

Not having a word for something , changes the very nature of our experience

Culture guides, and even determines the emotions that we study

Question 26

Alan Fridlund

Opposing view to Ekman’s “display rules “

Answer 26

• emotion expressions are always communicative; signaling of intentions to others
• readability of expressions thus depends on the audience

Question 27

Who argues “Its not a display rule , the emotion changes “

Answer 27

Alan Fridlund

Question 28

Dialectical thinking about dimensional emotions (happy and sad ) in western cultures vs collectivist cultures ?

Answer 28

Western : think of good and bad as opposing and contradictory

Collectivist :think two lines fit better
Ex: not happy and happy
Not sad and sad

Question 29

which components of emotion are sensitive to culture ?

Answer 29

• subjective feeling
• expression (face, body, voice)
• physiological changes
• action (tendency )
• condition appraisal

Question 30

Cultural differences in emotions exist, and need to be accounted for in a variable theory of emotion

T or F

Answer 30

True

Question 31

A great deal of emotional experience is ______.

Answer 31

Learned