Chapter 11

Question 1

Name the primary regions in the brain in adults

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem

Question 2

What is the cerebrum

Answer 2

Divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres making up brain mass

Question 3

What is the cerebellum

Answer 3

2nd largest portion of brain

Shaped like cauliflower

Process inputs from cerebral motor cortex, brain stem, sensory receptors

Regulates skeletal muscle mvmt

Question 4

What is the diencephalon

Answer 4

Made up of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Surrounded by cerebral hemispheres and encloses third ventricle

Question 5

What is the brain stem

Answer 5

Controls autonomic and highly controlled behaviours essential for survival

Question 6

Describe the locations of the ventricles of the brain

Answer 6

2 large lateral ventricles located in frontal, occipital, temporal lobes

3rd ventricle under corpus callosum in brains midline

4th in brain stem. Joined to 3rd ventricle by narrow aqueduct

Question 7

What do ventricles contain and what are they continuous with

Answer 7

CSF

Continuous with spinal cord

Question 8

What are the walls of hollow ventricular chambers lined with

Answer 8

Ependymal cells

Question 9

Explain the part of the gland that’s connected to the pituitary gland

Answer 9

Infundibulum (stalk of hypothalamic tissue)
Lies between mammillary bodies and optic chiasma.

Infundibulum connects pituitary gland to base of hypothalamus

Question 10

Describe the functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 10

Mammillary bodies act as a relay station in olfactory pathways

Controls ANS and endocrine system functions

Initiates physical responses to emotions

Acts through ANS pathways to initiate physical expressions

Control body temp

Intake of food, water balance, thirst and sleep wake cycles

Controls hormone secretion from anterior pituitary gland

Produces hormones (anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin)

Question 11

What is the hypothalamus vital for and what is it

Answer 11

Primary visceral control centre

Vital for homeostasis

Vital for limbic system

Question 12

What are the functions of the thalamus

Answer 12

Relays info coming into cerebral cortex

Mediates motor activities, sensation, cortical arousal, learning and memory

Question 13

Afferent impulses reaching the thalamus are recognised as what

Answer 13

Pleasant or unpleasant

Question 14

What do the thalamic nuclei interpret

Answer 14

Instructions aiding In direction of motor cortical activity from cerebellum and basal nuclei

Question 15

Describe the centres that control blood pressure and respiration

Answer 15

In brain stem medulla oblongata contains cardiovascular centre

The above includes cardiac centre, vasomotor centre, respiratory centres that control respiration rhythm, rate and depth

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres are in control of BP and respiration

Question 16

What are the functions of the cerebellum

Answer 16

Processes inputs from cerebral motor cortex, brain stem, sensory receptors

Regulates skeletal muscle movements

Cerebellar activity is subconscious

Question 17

What are the layers of the meninges

Answer 17

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 18

What is the dura mater, what is it made up of and describe it

Answer 18

Outermost layer. Made up of fibrous, tough, white connective tissue

Has many blood vessels and nerves

Attaches to inside of cranial cavity

Extends inwards between brain lobes to form protective partitions

Has 2 layers of fibrous connective tissue (periosteal and meningeal layers)

Question 19

What is the arachnoid mater

Answer 19

Thin web like

Lies between dura and pia maters

Question 20

Describe the pia mater

Answer 20

Has blood vessels and nerves that nourish the brain and spinal cord

Closely aligned with surfaces of these organs

Composed of tiny blood vessels and delicate connective tissue

Bound tightly to brain and convolutions