Ch 2 - genetics

Question 1

What are the 3 layers formed during Embryonic stage?

Answer 1

Ectoderm (outermost)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (deepest later)

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of prenatal development?

Answer 2

Terminal (fertil- 2 weeks)
Embryonic (2-8 weeks)
Fetal (8 weeks - birth)

Question 3

Define abortion and miscarriage

Answer 3

Abortion - voluntary termination.

Miscarriage - spontaneous abortion, can happen anytime during pregnancy.

Question 4

Define and list differences between FAE and FAS

Answer 4

FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome. Full blown drinking. Obvious by child’s face. MORE obvious than FAE.

FAE-fetal alcohol effects. Occasional drinking. Not visually obvious. Mood and cognitive issues.

Question 5

List ‘Big 5’ personality traits and their ranges

Answer 5

1) Openness - Level of curiosity+interest.
dislike change (low) - v creative, open to new things (high)

2) Conscientiousness - tendencies to be organized & responsible.
Dislike structure, procrastinate (low) - enjoy set schedule (high)

3) extraversion - how outgoing/shy person is.
prefer solitude, easily exhausted (low) - easy to make new friends (high)

4) agreeableness - how easygoing + helpful person tends to be.
Take little interest in others, manipulate people (low) - empathy, concern helping others (high)

5) neuroticism - degree to which a person is moody, self critical
Deal well w stress, stable (low) - get upset easily, mood shifts (high)

Question 6

Define and list 3 fetal development monitoring techniques

Answer 6

1) amniocentesis - between 15th and 20th week. Small needle drawn sample - amniotic fluid surrounding fetus. Invasive, 100% accuracy
2) CVS - 8-11 weeks. Needle into substance of placenta, but outside amniotic sac, removing some tissue. Higher risk of miscarriage, so done infrequent.
3) Ultrasound sonography- high frequency sound waves bombard womb. Indistinct but useful size and shape of baby.

Question 7

Define and list differences between. Monozygotic and Dizygotic twins.

Answer 7

Monozygotic twins- Twins that are genetically identical.

Dizygotic twins - twins produced when separate ova are fertilized by two separate Soren at roughly same time.

Question 8

Define Gametes

Answer 8

Male (sperm) and female (ovum) reproductive cells

Question 9

Define zygote

Answer 9

The new cell formed by fertilization of gametes

Question 10

Genes

Answer 10

Basic unit of genetic information.

Question 11

Define DNA

Answer 11

Substance that genes are made of that determine nature of every cell in the body, how it will function.

Question 12

Define Chromosomes

Answer 12

Rod shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs.

Question 13

Define mitosis

Answer 13

Process which accounts for replication of most types of cells nearly all of which will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote

Question 14

___ genes
___chromosomes
____chromosome pairs
____ human cell

Answer 14

25,000
46
23
1