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Physiology > Neurotransmission ANS > Flashcards

Neurotransmission ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of neurotransmission?

A

Communication process where neurotransmitters are released by a (presynaptic)!neuron and bind to and activate the receptors of another cell

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2
Q

What kind of synapse does the neurotransmitter belong to?

A

Chemical synapses

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3
Q

What are three kinds of neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
Norepinephrine (NE or NA)
Epinephrine (EPI or A)

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4
Q

What are the two types of neurons releasing NT?

A

Cholinergic-releases ACh

Adrenergic- releases NE

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of ACh?

A

Different functions in the Braun and peripheral NS incl both branches of ANS
the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of NE?

A

Synthesized and released by CNS and Sympatethic NS

Fight or flight

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7
Q

What are the main differences between somatic NS and Autonomic NS?

A

Somatic is voluntary, all receptors are cholinergic, skeletal muscle
ANS is involuntary, both cholinergic and adrenergic
Consists of two neurons, (pre/post), cholinergic and adrenergic, innervates cardiac, smooth and glandular epithelium, can also inhibit organ functions

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8
Q

What nerves belongs to Parasympatethic NS?

A

Cranial nerves and sacral nerves

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9
Q

What nerves belong to the sympatetic NS?

A

Thoracic nerves, lumbar nerves

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10
Q

What does the thoracis postganglionic neurons control?

A

Organs of the skull, chest, abdomen and forelegs

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11
Q

What does lumbar postganglionic neurons innervate?

A

Organs of the pelcic cavity and hind limbs

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12
Q

What are the functions of sympatetic NS?

A

Excitatory (contraction) of smooth muscles as vessels, hair, instestinal sphinxers and dilate pupils
Fight or flight response

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13
Q

What are the functions of parasympatethic NS?

A

Very long reganglionic fibers, controls respiratory, heart, esophagus, stomach, small intestins and other GI organs
Rest and digest response

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14
Q

What does antagonistic functions mean?

A

That the work in opposite ways.

The parasymp. Slows heartbeat while the symp increases it and so on

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of preganglionic neurons?

A

Myelinated, all cholinergic

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of postganglionic neurons in parasymp NS?

A

Unmyelinated, all cholinergic

17
Q

What are the characteristics of postganglionic neurons in symp NS?

A

Unmyelinated, all adrenergic (except sweatglands, pilorector muscles, some blood vessels in skeletal muscle)

18
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Nikotinic and muscarinic

19
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha and beta

20
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

Neuro muscular junction (NMJ) and brain

21
Q

Where is muscarinic receptors found?

A

CNS, heart, smooth muscle

22
Q

What are the alpha receptors effects?

A

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle

23
Q

What are the beta effects?

A

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, increase rate and force of cardiac contraction

24
Q

What effects (alpha/beta) does Epinephrine have?

A

All alpha and beta, 10 times more effektive on beta2 receptors than NE

25
Q

What effects (alpha/beta) does norepinephrine have?

A

Alpha effects mainly, but also beta1

26
Q

What are the function of alpha-receptors?

A 
Vasoconstriction
Iris dilation
Intestinal relaxation
Intestinal sphincter contraction
Pilomotor contraction
Bladder sphincter contraction
USUALLY EXCITATORY
27
Q

What are the function of beta- receptors?

A 
Vasodilation
Cardioacceleration
Increased myocardial strenght
Intestinal relaxation
Uterus relaxation
Bronchodilation
Calorigenesis
Glycigenolysis
Lipolysis
Bladder Wall relaxation
28
Q

What is the concequence/effect of release of ACh by parasymp postganglionic neurons?

A

Recieved by muscarinic ACh receptors-decreased heartrate and vonduction velocity

29
Q

What is the concequence/effect of release of NE by symp. postganglionic neurons?

A

Recieved by Beta1 adrenoreceptors

Increased heartrate, contractility, conduction velocity

Physiology (13 decks)

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