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CEN Review > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What mess do you give for a dissection

A

Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Nitro
Surgery

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2
Q

Most common sites for aneurysm

A

LV, aorta, brain, spleen

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3
Q

Which type of MI should you not give morphine

A

Right ventricular infarction (RCA occlusion)

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4
Q

What do inotropes do

A

Increase contractility

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5
Q

Examples of inotropes

A 
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Dopexamine
Epinephrine
Isoprenaline
Norepinephrine
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6
Q

Elevated leads in inferior infarction

A

II, III, aVF

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7
Q

Elevated leads in septal infarction

A

V1, V2

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8
Q

Elevated leads in anterior infarction

A

V1, V2, V3, V4

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9
Q

Elevated leads lateral infarction

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

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10
Q

Causes of sinus bradycardia

A

Metabolic condition
Calcium channel blockers/beta blockers
Increased ICP
MI

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11
Q

How do we treat Bradycardia

A

Transcutaneous pacing

Atropine

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12
Q

Causes on sinus tachycardia

A

Stress, shock, volume loss, heart failure, mess, illegal drugs

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13
Q

Treatment of afib

A

Beta blockers/calcium channel blockers - impede conduction through AV node to control ventricular rate

Cardioversion or ablation

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14
Q

Atrial rate in a flutter

A

250-550/min

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15
Q

Treatment for a flutter

A

Cardioversion

BB/CCB

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16
Q

What is the pacemaker in junction all dysrhythmia

A

AV node

SA node slows or impulse not conducted

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17
Q

What is the rate of junction all dysrhythmia

A

40-60bpm

No p-wave

18
Q

Treatment of junctional dysrhythmia

A

Transcutaneous pacing
Atropine
Epinephrine

19
Q

What is the HR for SVT

A

150-250

20
Q

Treatment for SVT

A 
Valsalva
Carotid massage
Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker 
(Adenosine)
21
Q

What EKG changes show in first degree heart block

A

P and r are longer and flatter
Often a symptomatic
Impulse from SA node slowed as it moves across atria

22
Q

What EKG changes are seen in 2nd degree heart block, Mobitz 1

A

Increasing PR interval until a beat is skipped
WENKEBACH
Impulse from SA increasingly delayed

23
Q

What keg changes are seen in 2nd degree heart block Mobitz II

A

Normal with some missing QRS
Some impulse from SA fail to reach ventricle
Need a pacemaker

24
Q

What is a normal PR interval

A

0.12-0.2

25
Q

What EKG changes are an in 3rd degree heart block

A

No correlation between p and q waves
SA fires at 80-100, none reach ventricle
Purine fibers initiate pulse 20-40bpm
Need pacemaker

26
Q

What EKG changes are seen in a bundle branch block

A

Wide or prolonged QRS
Conduction delay within ventricles
Left right or complete

27
Q

Treatment for vtach

A 
Cardioversion 
Amiodarone 
Lidocaine
Procainamide 
ICD
28
Q

Most common dysrhythmia from digoxin toxicity

A

AV block

29
Q

What type of drug is digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside

Increases strength and regularity

30
Q

Infectious organism in endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus - rapid onset

Streptococcus - slow and prolonged

31
Q

What could ST elevation in all leads indicate

A

Pericarditis

May also see progressive decrease in voltage of EKG complexes

32
Q

Becky triad

A

JVD
muffled heart tones
Decreased BP

33
Q

What does Becky triad indicate

A

Pericarditis / tamponade

34
Q

Normal EF

A

50-70

35
Q

Normal cardiac output and how is it calculated

A

4-8L/min

HR X SV

36
Q

What electrolyte abnormalities might you expect with HF

A

Hyponatremia

Hypokalemia

37
Q

What is phenochromocytoma and what is the treatment

A

Adrenal gland tumor - can cause hypertensive emergency

Treat with regitine

38
Q

Which leads are elevated in blunt cardiac injury

A

Anterior ( V1,V2,V3, V4)

Inferior (aVF, VII, VIII)

39
Q

Treatment of intermittent claudication

A

Do not elevate extremity
Provide warmth
Can use CCB, BB, NSAID

40
Q

When is troponin onset and when does it peak

A

2-12hours
Peaks at 24 hours
Normal in 5-12 days

CEN Review (7 decks)

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