Imaging In Cancer

Question 1

What is CT colonography?

Answer 1

…

Question 2

Why do patients need to stop eating before scans?

Answer 2

… Fecal waste and tumours show the same - cannot tell the difference.

Question 3

What is the best imaging of choice for a patient?

Answer 3

CT colonography

Question 4

What are the different types of barium scans?

Answer 4

MEals

ENema

Question 5

Which is more dangerous, radioactively? Barium meal or barium enema?

Answer 5

Enema - by a lot.

Question 6

What are different types of cross sectional imagine?

Answer 6

CT
MRI
PET

Question 7

WHat is CT?

Answer 7

Digital image slice of tissue…
Usually in axial plane
Result of computation by mathematics

Question 8

What is a houunsfield unit?

Answer 8

CT numbers

Relates to attention ion value to that of water.

Question 9

What is the difference between pixels and voxels?

Answer 9

Pixels = 2D

Voxels = 3D

Question 10

What are some contrast agents used in CT?

Answer 10

ORal - iodine (gastographin)

Intravenous - iodine (omnipaque)

Question 11

What is a problem faced with CT contrasting agents?

Answer 11

Allergic and anaphylactic reactions maybe occur with IV contrast.

Question 12

What is T-staging?

Answer 12

T1 - superficial tumour

T2 - deeper

Question 13

What kind of imaging is used regarding the spinal chord?

Answer 13

MRI - very intricate.

Question 14

What do MRI scans depend on?

Answer 14

Hydrogen atoms.

Question 15

When can MRI not be used?

Answer 15

In places where there is movement/ digestion etc.

Question 16

What is buscopan?

Answer 16

Parasympathetic blocker.

Question 17

What is the ALARA principle?

Answer 17

As Low As REasonably Achievable
(Ensuring examination is necessary)
(Adequate clinical information)
(Avoiding repeat examinations. )

Question 18

What happens in an MRI?

Answer 18

When bodies are put in a strong magnetic field, H atoms all ALIGN.

Question 19

How are the MRI images created?

Answer 19

Using time time taken from H atoms to return back

Question 20

Disadvantages of MRI

Answer 20

CLaustrophobic and noisy

Cannot image patients with pacemakers/ aneurysm clips.

Question 21

What is screening used for?

Answer 21

Identifying disease at a latent stage
For population without symptoms
Easier to detect (earlier on)

Question 22

What are the 3 screening programmes in NHS?

Answer 22

Breast
BOwel
Cervix

Question 23

What is an anuerysm?

Answer 23

Weak spot on blood vessel

Outward bulge

Question 24

What are the WHO principles of screening?

Answer 24

important health problem

There should be a latent stage

There should be a test/ examination for the problem

The test should be acceptable to the population

There should be a treatment for the condition

Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.

Question 25

What do mammograms examine?

Answer 25

Breasts.