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History - Conflict, Tension and Germany > Growth Of Democracy - Key Dates > Flashcards

Growth Of Democracy - Key Dates Flashcards

1
Q

Creation of Germany - Growth of Democracy

A

1870

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2
Q

Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser - Growth of Democracy

A

1888

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3
Q

Weimar Republic set up - Growth of Democracy

A

1919

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4
Q

Spartacist Revolt - Growth of Democracy

A

Early 1919

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5
Q

Kapp Putsch on Berlin - Growth of Democracy

A

March 1920

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6
Q

Invasion of the Ruhr by France and Belgium - Growth of Democracy

A

1923

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7
Q

Munich Putsch - Growth of Democracy

A

8th-9th November 1923

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8
Q

Armistice Signed - Growth of Democracy

A

11th November 1918

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9
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates - Growth of Democracy

A

9th November 1918

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10
Q

The SPD deliver an ultimatum to the Kaiser to abdicate or they revolt - Growth of Democracy

A

7th November 1918

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11
Q

The Kaiser abdicates and Ebert becomes the new chancellor - Growth of Democracy

A

9th November 1918

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12
Q

Germany joins LoN - Growth of Democracy

A

1926

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13
Q

The Dawes plan is agreed to lend Germany 800 million gold marks - Growth of Democracy

A

1924

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14
Q

What did the Young Plan reduce reparations to? - Growth of Democracy

A

£1.8bn

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15
Q

From 1890 to 1913, how did the trade union membership increase? - Growth of Democracy

A

From 300,000 to 3,000,000

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16
Q

Before the war, what proportion of people voted for the SPD? - Growth of Democracy

A

1 in 3

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17
Q

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II pass between 1898 and 1912 and why? - Growth of Democracy

A

He passed 5 separate naval laws, instructing an increase in the size of Germany’s navy in order to challenge Britain’s navy

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18
Q

What is weltpolitik? - Growth of Democracy

A

WORLD POLICY

The Kaiser’s desire to create a strong world power and a German Empire

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19
Q

What problems did the Kaiser have? - Growth of Democracy

A

The rise of trade unions
Socialism
Money
International challenge

20
Q

How did the rise of trade unions create a problem for the Kaiser? - Growth of Democracy

A

From 1890 to 1913, trade union membership grew from 300,000 to 3 million. Wanted to improve workers’ rights in contrast to the Kaiser’s undemocratic rule

21
Q

How did socialism create problems for the Kaiser? - Growth of Democracy

A

The SPD had over 1/3 of the vote in elections

Contrasted the Kaiser’s dictator like rule, some radical socialists wanted to overthrow his rule

22
Q

How did money create problems for the Kaiser? - Growth of Democracy

A

The Kaiser needed money to advance industry and his navy, which involved raising taxes. This made workers unhappy, and they then voted for the SPD

23
Q

When did the Kiel Mutiny happen and what occurred? - Growth of Democracy

A

28th OCTOBER 1918 - The sailors in the Navy at Kiel refused to fight. This mutiny spread to other sections of the armed forces and workers supported them

24
Q

How much state budget was spent on German war pensions by 1925? - Growth of Democracy

A

1/3 of budget

25
Q

How was the president elected in Weimar? - Growth of Democracy

A

Elected by the people

26
Q

What advantage did the Weimar regime have for German women? - Growth of Democracy

A

All men AND WOMEN over 20 could vote in elections

27
Q

What problems did proportional representation have? - Growth of Democracy

A

Lots of small parties got small numbers of Reichstag seats as a percentage of votes signalled a percentage of seats. PARTIES STRUGGLED TO GET MAJORITIES, COALITIONS COMMON.

28
Q

What problems did Article 48 have? - Growth of Democracy

A

A president could abuse their powers to become a dictator as it granted them ‘emergency’ powers if used. An emergency is not defined.

29
Q

Who were the ‘November criminals’? - Growth of Democracy

A

The politicians who signed the Armistice in November 1918. They were seen as condemning Germany to economic crisis.

30
Q

How did the Spartacist uprising of 1919 end? - Growth of Democracy

A

The government enlisted the help of Army Freikorps, who crushed the revolution and murdered Freida Luxembourg and Karl Leibnecht

31
Q

How did the Kapp Putsch of 1920 end? - Growth of Democracy

A

Workers in Berlin called a general strike of all public services, which closed Berlin. The Putsch ground to a halt.

32
Q

What 3 events created the year of crisis in 1923? - Growth of Democracy

A

French + Belgian invasion of the Ruhr
Hyperinflation
Munich Putsch

33
Q

Why did French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr? - Growth of Democracy

A

Germany declared that they could no longer pay reparations. Troops invaded the Ruhr, a rich industrial area, to control production and saw this as ‘payment’.

34
Q

What strategy did the Weimar government employ in response to the Ruhr invasion? - Growth of Democracy

A

Passive resistance

Ruhr Germans went on strike, meaning industry stopped in opposition to the invasion

35
Q

What problems did passive resistance have? - Growth of Democracy

A

It damaged the German economy, as the government still paid those who resisted. This led to the depreciation of value of the Mark

36
Q

How did Germany attempt to solve the problem of a lack of money? - Growth of Democracy

A

They printed more money, meaning the value of the German currency decreased

37
Q

Who was +vely and -vely affected by hyperinflation? - Growth of Democracy

A

+ : people who needed to repay debts or were short of money. People buying first houses
- : pensioners with fixed pensions, people with savings. Small businesses collapsed

38
Q

How did Stresemann solve Hyperinflation? - Growth of Democracy

A

He introduced the Rentenmark, a new currency followed by the reichsmark. This controlled inflation. However, savings were lost

39
Q

What did the Locarno treaties secure in terms of Germany? + when was it signed? - Growth of Democracy

A

SIGNED 1925, The pact agreed Germany’s borders with France+ Belgium, signed with Britain, France and Italy

40
Q

How did the Weimar period aid German culture? - Growth of Democracy

A

The rise of Cabaret as a result of more liberal society.

The ‘Bauhaus’ movement in art + design

41
Q

What was the Wandervogel movement? - Growth of Democracy

A

A movement of people wanting German society to return to simple country values in which people are traditional

42
Q

What did the Locarno Treaties of 1925 agree? - Growth of Democracy

A

A pact signed with Britain, France and Italy guaranteed Post-WW1 borders, such as Germany’s borders with France + Belgium

43
Q

What impact did the Locarno Treaties of 1925 have on the LoN? - Growth of Democracy

A

Permitted Germany to join the LoN in 1926

44
Q

What did the Kellogg-Briand pact agree and when was it signed? - Growth of Democracy

A

Signed in 1928

62 countries agreed to not use war in order to solve issues and disagreements

45
Q

Who was Gustav von Kahr? - Growth of Democracy

A

A politician who was ordered by Hitler to join his fight during the Munich Putsch of 1923

46
Q

What were two weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?

A
  • People were suspicious of deals between parties

- proportional representation; COALITIONS

47
Q

What were two things about the Weimar government people liked?

A
  • all men AND WOMEN over 20 could vote

- the president was elected by the people

History - Conflict, Tension and Germany (15 decks)

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