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SPORT MANAGEMENT > EXAM #3: CH. 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, & 20 > Flashcards

EXAM #3: CH. 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, & 20 Flashcards

1
Q

the creation and execution of marketing mix strategies (production, pricing, promotion, and distribution) for products and services in the sport business industry to satisfy consumer wants and needs and achieve organizational objectives

A

sport marketing

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2
Q

comprehensive strategic and tactical frameworks for identifying and achieving a sport organization’s marketing goals and objectives

A

marketing plans

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3
Q

the elements of product, price, place, and promotion; sport marketers alter, modify, customize or manipulate these to achieve marketing goals and objectives

A

marketing mix

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4
Q

the life span stages of a sport product: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline

A

product life cycle

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5
Q

factors inside a sport organization that affect sport marketing (players, owners, team management, staff personnel)

A

internal factors

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6
Q

factors outside of a sport organization that affect the sport marketing climate (media, corporate sponsors, advertisers, spectators, geography, culture, economy, federal regulations, regulations of sport governing bodies)

A

external factors

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7
Q

a management technique available to sport marketers to help them assess the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization and the external opportunities and threats that it faces

A

SWOT analysis

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8
Q

the process of using a name, design, symbol, or any combination of the three to help differentiate a sport product from the competition

A

branding

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9
Q

the process of identifying smaller and viable clusters of sport consumers who may exhibit similar wants, needs, and interests regarding sports

A

marget segmentation

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10
Q

the acquisition of rights to affiliate or associate with a sport product or sporting event to derive benefits from the affiliation or association

A

sport sponsorship

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11
Q

the collection of integrated activities that seek to communicate, inform, and ultimately persuade consumers to participate in the sport consumption activity, experience, or event

A

promotions mix

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12
Q

when a company who has not paid a rights fee to become and official sponsor attempts to unofficially create an association with a sport property

A

ambush marketing

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13
Q

the comprehensive way sport is distributed to consumers

A

place

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14
Q

the systematic process of obtaining, analyzing, and interpreting data or information to evaluate and improve marketing practices

A

marketing research

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15
Q

a portion of the population that is distinctive in terms of its needs, characteristics, or behavior

A

market segment

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16
Q

a market segment identified as the focus of an organization’s marketing efforts

A

target market

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17
Q

rewards given to a person by someone else

A

extrinsic rewards

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18
Q

rewards received by a person from the experience itself

A

intrinsic rewards

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19
Q

a distraction from a course or activity

A

diversion

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20
Q

positive levels of arousal provided to sport spectators

A

eustress

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21
Q

a group to which a person wishes to belong

A

aspirational reference group

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22
Q

the influence arising from factors that are particular to a specific time and place and are independent of individual consumers’ characteristics

A

situational influence

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23
Q

the perception of a difference between a desired state and the actual situation; the first stage of the decision-making process

A

need recognition

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24
Q

consumers’ expectations about the attributes of a core product

A

consumer demand

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25
Q

an indication of how well a delivered service conforms to the customer’s expectations in terms of what the customer is receiving and how the service is delivered through the interaction between the customer and the service provider

A

service quality

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26
Q

feelings of anxiety or doubt that can occur after an important decision has been made

A

cognitive dissonance

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27
Q

consumer (fan, customer) created content (photo, video, written review) related to a product or service used

A

user-generated branding

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28
Q

a process by which people in sport, in a sport setting or through a sport endeavor, share symbols as they create meaning through interaction

A

sport communication

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29
Q

varied results of communication regarding its effect on audience members and society in general

A

effects

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30
Q

depicts the dynamics of communication and the various settings in which communication occurs in sport

A

strategic sport communication model (SSCM)

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31
Q

communication through printed publications such as sports sections in newspapers, sports magazines, and sport books

A

sport print communication

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32
Q

the process by which a broadcast network, such as Fox Sports Go or HBO Now, delivers its content directly to a consumer through an Internet app. This delivery can eliminate the need for the consumer to subscribe to a cable or satellite provider.

A

over-the-top (OTT) delivery

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33
Q

sport-specific use of web-based applications to share information, opinions, and experiences

A

sport social media

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34
Q

sport-specific use of web-based applications in which the content (information, opinions, and experiences) is automatically deleted after a designated amount of time

A

sport ephemeral social media

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35
Q

a managerial communication-based function that identifies key organizational publics and develops desirable relationships with those publics

A

sport public relations

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36
Q

focuses on the promotion of charitable initiatives affiliated with the sport organization and the development of opportunities to directly engage with diverse stakeholders

A

community relations

37
Q

moving the management of facilities from the public sector to private companies or organizations

A

privatization

38
Q

owners of professional sport franchises receive subsidies from local, state, and federal taxpayers when the stadium is finances with government bonds. These bonds are issued at below-market interest rates and are paid for by the exemption of the bonds’ interest income.

A

tax-exempt bonds

39
Q

securing and contracting one specific sport or entertainment event

A

booking

40
Q

a generic document that uses standard language and a fill-in-the-blank format to outline expectations between parties

A

boilerplate contract

41
Q

a systematic process used to provide an estimation of the revenue and expenses of an event

A

cost analysis

42
Q

a document that details all the requirements of an event

A

work order

43
Q

a document that divides event tasks into smaller, manageable tasks

A

work breakdown structure (WBS)

44
Q

a bar chart that displays the various tasks and the timeline in which they must be completed

A

Gantt chart

45
Q

a detailed schedule of the timing and sequence of the event elements

A

run sheet

46
Q

an illustration of where equipment or items are placed in the event venue

A

floor plan

47
Q

an illustration of how event attendees will move through a venue

A

floor diagram

48
Q

any exploitable facility security deficiency

A

vulnerability

49
Q

focused practice activities that place staff members in simulated incident scenarios and require them to function in the capacity expected of them in a real-world event

A

exercises

50
Q

a designated area where the command group (security team) controls the security functions by monitoring activities inside and outside the facility

A

command center

51
Q

reconciling the expenses and revenue of an event and dividing the profits according to a contracted arrangement

A

settlement

52
Q

detailed records that describe an event

A

documentation

53
Q

people influenced or affected by a particular decision

A

constituencies

54
Q

enactments made by a legislature and expressed in a formal document

A

statutes

55
Q

a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts; the term may also refer to the collective body of case law that a court should consider when interpreting the law

A

precedent

56
Q

literally “to stand by things decided.” This principle expresses the notion that prior court decisions must be recognized as precedents, according to case law, and followed accordingly

A

stare decisis

57
Q

as it is embodied in the 5th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, due process ensures that a law shall not be unreasonable, arbitrary, or capricious and that the means selected for enforcing a law shall have a reasonable and substantial relation to the objective sought by the government

A

due process

58
Q

any action taken directly or indirectly by local, state, or federal government; any of its components or employees; or any private organization whose conduct is fairly attributable to the state

A

state action

59
Q

a civil wrong or injury for which the law permits a recovery. Typically, the wrong or injury is either a negligent act or an intentional act by one person that causes an injury to another person or his or her property

A

tort

60
Q

a cause that directly produces an event and without which the event would not have occurred

A

proximate cause

61
Q

the body of law derived from the judgments and decrees of the courts rather than those laws created by legislatures

A

common law

62
Q

proposal that clearly identifies the following terms: the parties to the agreement, the price to be paid, the time and method of payment, and the subject matter of the offer

A

offer

63
Q

unconditional assent to the terms of the offer

A

acceptance

64
Q

mutual exchange of value between the parties

A

consideration

65
Q

an elite multisport event created by the IOC to provide competitive opportunities to 15 to 18-year-olds in 28 summer sports and 7 winter sports. The inaugural summer YOG took place in 2010 in Singapore, and Innsbruck hosted the inaugural winter YOG in 2012.

A

Youth Olympic Games (YOG)

66
Q

a nonprofit, international, multisport federation responsible for the governance of the Olympic Movement and its premier events, the Olympic Summer and Winter Games, and the Youth Olympic Games. This federation works closely with National Olympic Committees (NOCs), International Sport Federations (IFs), and the organizing committees of the Olympic Games.

A

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

67
Q

A U.S. law that mandates equal opportunities for women and men in educational programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance

A

Title IX

68
Q

a unique economic and political partnership between 28 democratic European countries

A

European Union (EU)

69
Q

a nonprofit, international, multisport federation responsible for the governance of the Paralympic Movement and its premier events, the Paralympic Summer and Winter Games. The IPC promotes sport excellence for Paralympians.

A

International Paralympic Committee (IPC)

70
Q

an illegal activity in sport in which the outcome of the competition is predetermined and goes against the rules of sport; it is often motivated by gambling where bettors give money to players, coaches, or officials to arrange the outcome of the game

A

match fixing

71
Q

the condition of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs; in the sport context, it is the strategic planning for addressing environmental issues related to all facets of a sport organization’s operations

A

environmental sustainability

72
Q

an agreement negotiated in 1947 among 23 countries, including the U.S., to increase international trade by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

73
Q

a 1994 agreement reached by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico that instituted a schedule for the phasing out of tariffs and eliminated a variety of fees and other hindrances to encourage free trade among the three countries

A

NAFTA

74
Q

an illegal activity in sport that involves betting on aspects of a game (that are not related to the final outcome of the game) that are fixed such as the timing of the first throw-in in soccer or the timing of a ball’s wide delivery in cricket; associated with cricket, soccer, and rugby

A

spot fixing

75
Q

the process of collecting and analyzing data; quantitative values given to represent defined actions

A

statistics

76
Q

a process that includes using information (data) to make informed choices about a set of options

A

decision making

77
Q

a numeric representation of an amoint

A

quantitative

78
Q

a process that includes the collection, storage, and distribution of data

A

data management

79
Q

software or hardware that can be used to determine the location of players or objects in a particular space (stadium, arena, court)

A

tracking technology

80
Q

the process of examining measurements and undertaking additional calculations

A

analysis

81
Q

an action or object that is measured, often at different (changed) points in time or positions

A

variables

82
Q

the process of forecasting future events

A

prediction

83
Q

a statistical analysis used to describe the relationship between one or more dependent and one or more independent variables

A

regression

84
Q

a formula named after Reverend Thomas Bayes (1701-1761) that can be used to predict the probability of an uncertain outcome

A

Bayes’ rule

85
Q

the chance or likelihood that an event or action will occur

A

probability

86
Q

the price of a ticket that changes over time due to a variety of possible factors

A

variable ticket pricing

87
Q

the process of determining quality or value

A

measurement

88
Q

numbers or values provided as a measurement

A

metrics

89
Q

the process of altering the price of a ticket in response to changes in demand

A

dynamic ticket pricing

SPORT MANAGEMENT (3 decks)

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