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A & P 1 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Label the primary regions of the brain

A

See picture. Hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata)

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2
Q

Name the 4 divisions of the adult brain

A

cerebrum
diencepahlon
brain stem
cerebellum

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3
Q

The cerebrum can be divided into ___ + ___ cerebral hemispheres

A

left and right

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4
Q

Which division makes up most of the brains mass?

A

cerebrum

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5
Q

The cerebrum is covered with ….?(3)

A

gyri
sucli
fissures

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6
Q

What do sucli do?

A

-sucli divide each hemisphere into frontal, pareital, temporal + occipital lobes, as well as the insula which is buried deep in the lateral sukus

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7
Q

Name the 3 basic regions of each cerebral hemisphere

A

cerebral cortex
white matter
basal nuclei

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8
Q

Describe the cerebral cortex

A
  • thin layer of grey matter
  • comprising the outer portion of the cerebrum
  • center of the conscious mind
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9
Q

Describe white matter

A
  • FAST
  • composed of bundles which connect grey matter areas
  • carry nerve impulses between neurons
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10
Q

Describe nuclei

A

-islands of grey matter located deep inside the white matter

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11
Q

Describe the dienchephalon

A
  • mostly made up of grey matter structures known as the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
  • forms the central core of the forebrain
  • surrounded by cerebral hemispheres
  • encloses the 3rd ventricle
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12
Q

Describe the brain stem

A
  • superior region - mid brain, then pons,then medulla oblongata
  • deep grey matter that is surrounded by white matter fiber tracts
  • brain stem has nuclei of grey matter embedded in its white matter
  • human survival behaviors emanate from here
  • behaviors are automatic and highly controlled
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13
Q

Describe the cerebellum

A
  • 2nd largest part of the brain
  • cauliflower shape
  • processes inputs from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem and sensory receptors
  • regulates skeletal muscles movements
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14
Q

Label the locations of the ventricles of the brain

A

large lateral ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

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15
Q

Describe the ventricles of the brain

A

interconnected cavities known as ventricles exist within the cerebral hemispheres + brain stem

  • continuous with spinal cord central canal
  • the walls of the hollow ventricular chambers are lined with ependymal cells
  • contains CSF
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16
Q

What are the hollow ventricular chambers lined with?

A

ependymal cells

17
Q

Describe the location of the large lateral ventricle

A

located inside the frontal, temporal + occipital lobes

18
Q

Describe the location of the 3rd ventricle

A

under the corpus callosum in the brains mid line

19
Q

Describe the location of the 4th ventricle

A

in the brain stem, and a narrow cerebral aquaduct joins it to the 3rd ventricle

20
Q

Explain the part of the brain connected to the pituitary gland

A

a stalk of hypothalamic tissue known as the infundibulum lie between mammillary bodies and the optic chiasma. The infundiabulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

21
Q

Describe the functions of Hypothalamus (9)

A
  • controls ANS
  • controls endocrine system function
  • initiates physical reactions to emotion
  • regulates temperature, intake of food, water balance,thirst and sleep wake cycle
  • primary visceral control center for body and vital homeostatis
  • mamillary bodies act as relay stations in the olfactory pathways
  • vital for limbic system, uses ANS pathway to initiate expressions of emotion
  • controls hormone secreation from anterior pituitary gland
  • produces antidiuretic + oxytocin hormones
22
Q

Describe the functions of the thalamus (4)

A
  • relays information coming into the cerebral cortex
  • mediates motor activities, sensation, cortical arousal learning + memory
  • afferent impulses reaching the thalamus are basically recognized as pleasant or unpleasant
  • Thalamic nuclei interpret instructions aiding in direction of motor cortical activity from the cerebellum to the basal nuclei
23
Q

Describe the centers that control blood pressure and respiration

A

In the brain stem the medulla oblongata contains a cardiovascular center which includes the cardiac center, the vasomotor center and respiration centers that control respiratory rhythm, rate and depth. Therefore the cardiovascular and respiratory centers control BP + respiration

24
Q

List the functions of the cerebellum

A
  • processes inputs from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem and sensory receptors.
  • regulates skeletal muscle
  • all cerebellar activity is subsconcious
25
Q

Label the layers of the meninges

A 
scalp/periosteum
skull
dura mater
arachnoid mater
arachnoid space
pia mater
brain tissue
26
Q

Name the 3 layers of the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

27
Q

Describe dura mater

A
  • outer most layer
  • made up of fibrous, tough, white connective tissue
  • has many blood vessels+ nerves
  • attaches to cranial cavity
  • extends inwards between brain lobes to form protective partitions
  • 2 layers of fibrous connective tissue (periosteal + meningeal layers)
28
Q

Describe arachnoid mater

A
  • a thin, web like layer that lies between dura and pia maters
29
Q

Describe pia mater

A
  • many blood vessels and nerves that nourish the brain + spinal cord
  • closely aligned with the surfaces of these organs
  • composed of many yiny blood vessels + delicate connective tissue
  • bound tightly to the brain + its convolutions

A & P 1 (14 decks)

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