The Territorial North

Question 1

What are the 4 principle characteristic of The Territorial North?

Answer 1

1. Far from world markets
2. Resource development is dependent on external demand
3. Hampered by a cold environment
4. Economy is sensitive to fluctuations in world prices for its resources. Very much a hinterland

Question 2

How many First Nations languages were being spoken in Canada at time of confederation?

Answer 2

~55. Today there are essentially only 3!

Question 3

What percentage of people in the Territorial North are Indigenous?

Answer 3

Over 50%

Question 4

How much of Canada’s population is represented in The Territorial North?

Answer 4

0.3%

Question 5

How much of Canada’s landmass does The Territorial North make up?

Answer 5

39%

Question 6

How much of Canada’s GDP comes from The Territorial North?

Answer 6

0.3%

Question 7

What is the unemployment rate in this region?

Answer 7

16%, compared to a national average which lies between 3%-5%!!!!!!!

Question 8

What four physiographic regions comprise The Territorial North?

Answer 8

Canadian Shield

Interior Plains

Cordillera

Arctic

Question 9

How much of the Territorial North is considered “Arctic”?

Answer 9

70%

Question 10

What’s the population of The Territorial North?

Answer 10

Just over 100,000

Question 11

What are the “Two Visions” that residents of this region possess?

Answer 11

They see it as a Northern Frontier (perhaps great wealth is waiting to be discovered)

They see it as a Homeland (where their culture, language, and spirituality can flourish)

Question 12

What are the two climate zones that are found in the region?

Answer 12

Arctic

Subarctic

Question 13

The amount of reflected energy changes with surface changes, especially at the poles or where snow and ice have traditionally dominated

Answer 13

The Albedo Effect

Question 14

What percentage of the world’s diamond production comes from the region?

Answer 14

15%

Question 15

What’s the problem with diamonds being a solid resource?

Answer 15

Non-renewable

Volatile market

Entire process of extraction, processing, and sale need to be done in the region for it to be economically beneficial

It’s really bad for the environment

Lifespan of the projects is generally “boom and bust”

Question 16

How much of Nunavut’s revenue comes from Ottawa?

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

What and where was the Klondike Gold Rush?

Answer 17

A gold rush in the Klondike corridor of what is now Yukon territory.

Started in 1896; Dawson City was established, as well as Yukon as a territory

Question 18

What resource did Inuit have in the early 19th century that had good trade value?

Answer 18

Whale Hunting

Inuit became dependent on tools and weapons that they traded for with the British, which led to them becoming totally dependent on the goods and products they had

Question 19

When did the first British Explorer reach Baffin Island?

Answer 19

Martin Frobisher in 1576

Him and his men captured an Inuit and brought them back to Europe to prove their findings

Question 20

When did seasonal “whalers” first begin the practice of “wintering over” (allow their ships to freeze in the sea ice)?

Answer 20

1850s

Adopted by English, Scottish, and American whalers

Question 21

When did missionaries and police begin living in the region?

What problems did they cause for the Indigenous?

Answer 21

They started living at trade posts permanently in the late 19th century

The presence of missionaries and police (RCMP) imposed Canada’s system of law and order on the Indigneous people.

Church-run residential schools were created by the missionaries, which had a long-lasting horrific and devastating effects on First Nations. They were taught English and French, and told to stop speaking their native languages.

Question 22

Why was the “relocation” of Indigenous people a priority for Ottawa starting in the 1950s?

Answer 22

1. It was seen as a necessary step in protective northern peoples form the hardships of their land (scarcity of food, extreme weather). There was world press that covered the topic of “starving Indians”, which pressured the federal government
2. By concentrating settlements of people in the north, it was easier to send and provide services. The goal was to “modernize” the northern peoples and force them into Canadian society

Question 23

What problems has the “relocation” created?

Answer 23

It created an unprecedented population explosion, which has resulted in a shortage of housing

Chronic underemployment

High suicide-rates, which have been influenced by deep-rooted social dysfunction from cultural dislocation and devaluation, no economic base

Dependence on social assistance for income

Question 24

Is there a positive outcome of settlement life?

Answer 24

Yes, the emergence of educated Indigenous leaders

Question 25

What purpose did The Territorial North serve during and after WW2?

Answer 25

A buffer zone between North America and the Soviet Union for military

Military bases, landing fields, and radar stations

Seen as a “strategic frontier”

Question 26

Why should Canada care about the future of the Arctic Sea?

Answer 26

Global warming is freeing up the region by melting ice and creating new passage opportunities for shipping.

There is potential for oil deposits to be extracted from the Arctic Ocean

Question 27

As fo 2011, what percentage of Indigenous people were Inuit?

Answer 27

52%

Question 28

Why has tourism slightly increased in the region?

Answer 28

It’s one of the last places on earth to find truly pure, untouched, raw nature. Pristine wilderness

Question 29

What sector do most people in the region work in?

Answer 29

Tertiary/service, at over 80%

Question 30

How is the population of the region trending?

Answer 30

It’s increasing in every territory, with a growth of almost 28% between 2001-2015

Question 31

What is notable about the Primary sector of workers in the region?

Answer 31

Unusually high percentage of workers belong to primary sector, at almost 15% (Compared to Ontario, at around 2%)

Question 32

What industries could be sustainable for the region?

Answer 32

Tourism and Fishing

Question 33

What are some recent and potential Megaprojects found in the region?

Answer 33

Diamond mines

Iron Ore mines

Underground open-pit lead, zinc, and copper mines (Unlikely to become viable)

Question 34

Why can’t Megaprojects help boost regional diversification in the north?

Answer 34

They’re unsustainable, as they’re based on non-renewable resources

Question 35

What are CLCA’s, and why are they beneficial for people in the region?

Answer 35

Comprehensive Land Claim Agreements aka Modern Treaties

CLCAs are negotiated in areas of the country where Aboriginal rights and title have not been addressed by historic treaties or other legal means, or where there remains outstanding disagreement around the terms of those treaties

these agreements usually include such things as land ownership and management, money, wildlife harvesting rights, participation in land, resource, water, wildlife and environmental management, and measures to support economic development and protect Aboriginal culture.

It gives people a connection to their old, harvesting-based world, and the global and Canadian economies at the same time.