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medicine > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Features of mild NPDR

A

1 or more microaneurysms

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2
Q

Features of moderate NPDR

A

Microaneurysms
Blot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton wool spots

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3
Q

Severe NPDR

A

Blot haemorrhages and microanaeurysms in 4 quadrants

IRMA in at least 1 quadrant

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4
Q

Signs of proliferative retinopathy

A

Retinal neovascularisation
Fibrous tissue forming anterior to retinal disc
More common in T1DM

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5
Q

What to treat conjunctivitis in pregnancy

A

Fusidic acid

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6
Q

How to treat meibomian cyst

A

Resolve spontaneously or require surgical drainage

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7
Q

Definite treatment of acute angle glaucoma

A

Laser peripheral iridotomy

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8
Q

Flashers and floaters are a sign of?

A

Vitreous detachment

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9
Q

What can be seen in eyes in central retinal vein occlusion?

A

Severe retinal haemorrhages

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10
Q

Causes of crvo

A

Glaucoma
Polycythaemia
HTN

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11
Q

What can be seen in eye in CRAO

A

Afferent pupillary defect

Cherry red spot on pale retina

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12
Q

Features of anterior uveitis

A 
Acute onset
Ocular discomfort and pain
Irregular and small pupil
Photophobia
Blurred vision 
RED eye
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13
Q

Treatment of anterior uveitis

A

Refer to ophthalmology

Steroid drops

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14
Q

Features of retinitis pigmentosa

A

Night blindness

Tunnel vision

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15
Q

What is hordeolum externum

A

Infection of the glands of sebum/ sweat

Staph

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16
Q

What is hutchingsons sign in herpes opthalmicus

A

Involvement of the tip of the nose predicts future ocular involvement

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17
Q

How to treat herpes opthalmicus

A

Oral antivirals 7-10 days

18
Q

Ptosis and mydriasis (dilated pupil) ?

A

3rd nerve palsy

19
Q

What’s seen in dry amd

A

Drusen (yellow spots) in drusens membrane

20
Q

Wet amd features

A

Choroidal neovascularisation

Leakage of serious fluid and blood

21
Q

Risk factors for amd

A

Age
Smoking
Family history
Ihd

22
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil?

A

Accommodates but does construct to light

Most common in diabetics

23
Q

Mydriatic drops can precipitate…

A

Acute angle glaucoma

24
Q

Corneal epithelial ulcers may be seen in?

A

Herpes keratitis

25
Q

Persistent watery eye in children is?

A

Lacrimal duct obstruction- manage conservatively will improve by 1 year

26
Q

Blurring of vision post previous cataract is?

A

Posterior capsule opacification

27
Q

What is lost in cataracts?

A

Red reflex

28
Q

How to manage blepharitis

A

Reassure. Watch and wait

29
Q

What will be seen on crvo fundo

A

Severe retinal haemorrhages

30
Q

Normal eye pressures

A

10-21

31
Q

What drops can distinguish between scleritis and episcleritis

A

Phenylepherine drops

32
Q

Is chalazion painful

A

No

33
Q

Is episcleritis painful

A

No- red eye, watering , photo phobias

34
Q

1st line for blepharitis

A

Hot compress

35
Q

Commonest cause of Argyll Robertson pupil

2

A

Diabetes

Neurosyphillis

36
Q

Features of keratitis

A

Red eye
Watering
Photophobia

37
Q

Cause of marcus Gunn pupil (relative afferent pupil defect)

A

Optic neuritis

Retinal detachment

38
Q

Treatment for open angle glaucoma?

A 
Prostaglandin receptor antagonists (lantanoprost)
Beta blockers (timolol)
39
Q

SE of latanoprost

A

Brown pigmentation if the iris

40
Q

Diabetic maculopathy?

A

Hard exudates
Can affect visual acuity
Most common in T2DM

41
Q

What pupil defect does optic neuritis cause

A

Marcus gunn

Relative afferwnt pupillary defect

42
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A 
Gradual vision loss
Loss of red desaturation
Painful movements of eyes
Relative afferent pupil defect
Central scotoma

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