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Health Assessment > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

articular structures

A

joint capsules, cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid

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2
Q

extra-articular structures

A

periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle

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3
Q

ligaments

A

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone

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4
Q

tendon

A

collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone

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5
Q

bursae

A

pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendon and muscles over bone or other joint structures

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6
Q

3 types of joints

A

synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous

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7
Q

3 types of synovial joints

A

spheroidal, hinge, condylar

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8
Q

spheroidal joints are what kind of joint and function

A

synovial joint, ball and socket flex

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9
Q

Hinge joints are what kind of joint and function

A

synovial joint, motion 1 way- flexion and extension ex. elbow

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10
Q

condylar joints are what kind of joint and function

A

synovial joint, 2 surfaces, knee and mandible

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11
Q

Cartilaginous joint examples

A

spine and symphones pubis

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12
Q

Fibrous joint example

A

skull but unable to move

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13
Q

extension

A

limb goes into a straight line

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14
Q

flexion

A

bending, decreases angle between the bones forming a joint

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15
Q

hyperextension

A

extreme extension of joint usually by trauma

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16
Q

abduction

A

movement of limb away from median plane of body (away from body)

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17
Q

adduction

A

movement of limb toward to the median plane of body (toward body)

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18
Q

circumduction

A

movement around an axis in a circular motion

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19
Q

Internal rotation

A

rotation toward the center of the body

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20
Q

external rotation

A

rotation away from the center of the body

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21
Q

pronation

A

facing downward or palm facing downward

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22
Q

supination

A

lying on back, or palm facing upward

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23
Q

inversion

A

turing inward

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24
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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25
Q

retraction

A

being drawn backward (posterior direction)

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26
Q

protraction

A

being drawn forward

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27
Q

opposition

A

thumb reaches across to touch fingers

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28
Q

reposition

A

restoring body part back to anatomical position (thumb returns back to side of fingers)

29
Q

depression

A

lowering of a body part (ex. lowering shoulders)

30
Q

elevation

A

rise of a body part (ex. shrugging shoulders)

31
Q

ulnar deviation

A

long axis of fingers turn away from thumb and turn towards pinky (seen in rheumatoid arthritis)

32
Q

radial deviation

A

long axis of fingers turns away from pinky and toward thumb

33
Q

when examining vascular integrity of limbs, which 3 symptoms are an emergency when all together

A

coldness, severe pain and paresthesia

34
Q

where can the temporomandibular joint cause pain?

A

ear, headache/migraines

35
Q

fasciculation

A

twitching of muscle fibers

36
Q

apley scratch test

A

test of shoulder function, patient reaches behind back

37
Q

how to test acromioclavicular joint (AC) and which joint is this apart of?

A

have patient cross arm over chest. this is part of the shoulder

38
Q

If patient has pain with crossover test, what kind of problem is it?

A

the acromioclavicular joint (AC)

39
Q

Epicondylitis

A

inflammation epicondyle of the humerus and surrounding tissue (golfers/tennis elbow)

40
Q

what should fingers look like at rest?

A

slightly flexed and aligned almost parallel

41
Q

how many carpel bones in hand?

A

8

42
Q

anatomic snuffbox

A

distal to the radial styloid process with lateral extension of thumb away from hand (the dent in the wrist when thumb is extended)

43
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

tingling with tapping over the median nerve as it enters the carpal tunnel

44
Q

phalen’s sign

A

numbness or tingling with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion for 60 seconds

45
Q

how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

46
Q

function of paravertebral muscles?

A

allow muscles along spine to spasm

47
Q

paravertebral muscle normally feel like what?

A

firm

48
Q

flexion and extension of neck

A

chin to chest, look up at ceiling

49
Q

rotation and lateral bending of neck

A

look over one shoulder and then the other, bring ear to shoulder

50
Q

flexion and extension of spine

A

bend forward and try to touch toes, bend backward

51
Q

rotation and lateral bending of spine

A

rotate trunk, bend to side from waist

52
Q

inspect two phases of gait

A

swing (walking) and stance (foot on ground-weight bearing)

53
Q

flexion of hip

A

bend knee to chest and pull against abdomen

54
Q

extension of hip

A

leg extends posteriorly with patient near edge of table

55
Q

abduction and adduction of hips

A

reach across and grasp opposite hip; grasp ankle and move leg laterally, then medially toward opposite hip

56
Q

external and internal rotation of hip

A

flex hip and knee to 90 degrees, grasp ankle, rotate flexed lower leg medially then laterally

57
Q

what should you be feeling your Achilles tendon for?

A

nodules or tenderness

58
Q

if Achilles is intact and you pinch the calf what should happen? and what if there is a tear?

A

foot should move which means Achilles intact, if there is a tear, foot wont move

59
Q

ankle flexion (plantar flexion)

A

point foot toward floor

60
Q

ankle extension (dorsiflexion)

A

point foot toward ceiling

61
Q

inversion of ankle and how many degrees?

A

bend heel inward (35 degrees)

62
Q

eversion of ankle and how many degrees?

A

bend heel outward (25 degrees)

63
Q

ankle flexion (plantar flexion) degree of motion

A

20-50 degrees

64
Q

ankle extension (dorsiflexion) degree of motion

A

10-30 degrees

65
Q

strain

A

injury to muscles and tendons

66
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligaments

67
Q

what can strain and sprain both cause?

A

ripping or tearing sounds

68
Q

fracture

A

produces diffuse swelling around he bone after injury

69
Q

polyarthralgia

A

aches in multiple joints

Health Assessment (15 decks)

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